Abstract: The invention generally relates to amination reactions and amination reaction products, and particularly to methods for aminating vinyl aromatic polymers utilizing tertiary amines. In one embodiment, the invention includes conducting an amination reaction by combining a tertiary amine and a vinyl aromatic polymer comprising benzyl chloride groups to form a reaction mixture and maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture within a designated range. In another embodiment, the invention includes an aminated vinyl aromatic polymer. In yet another embodiment, the invention includes an ion exchange resin including quaternary ammonium functionality. The invention is useful in preparing ion exchange resins suitable for a variety of applications such as the removal of perchlorate ions from water sources and recovery of gold cyanide from mining leach solutions.

Abstract: A method for processing effluent from a chloromethylation of a vinyl aromatic polymer wherein the effluent includes catalyst and volatile organics, and wherein the method includes the steps of: 1) deactivating at least a portion of the catalyst; 2) distilling the effluent; 3) adding caustic to the effluent; and 4) distilling the effluent.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to amination reactions and amination reaction products, and particularly to methods for aminating vinyl aromatic polymers utilizing tertiary amines. In one embodiment, the invention includes conducting an amination reaction by combining a tertiary amine and a vinyl aromatic polymer comprising benzyl chloride groups to form a reaction mixture and maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture within a designated range. In another embodiment, the invention includes an aminated vinyl aromatic polymer. In yet another embodiment, the invention includes an ion exchange resin including quaternary ammonium functionality. The invention is useful in preparing ion exchange resins suitable for a variety of applications such as the removal of perchlorate ions from water sources and recovery of gold cyanide from mining leach solutions.

Abstract: A method for processing effluent from a chloromethylation of a vinyl aromatic polymer wherein the effluent comprises catalyst and volatile organics, and wherein the method comprising the steps of: 1) deactivating at least a portion of the catalyst; 2) distilling the effluent; 3) adding caustic to the effluent; and 4) distilling the effluent.

Abstract: A method for publishing a customized publication including an article for a customer includes obtaining information from the customer including a topic for the article and the identity of a primary source for quotable information about the topic. The method also includes establishing and following a defined schedule for a three-step process for obtaining information about the topic prior to preparing and printing the publication.

Abstract: A technique for providing a desired level of color balance in field sequential color systems with brightness enhancement. In color wheels having a spectrally-broad transmissive segment, the spectrally-broad segment has a transmittance that is selected to provide a desired level of color balance. This can include transmittance characteristics that are inversely related to the spectral characteristics of the light source or optics. In color switches, this can include varying the amplitude and time duration of the contribution from each of the three primary colors.

Abstract: A dual-mode display system, for applications such as viewfinders/displays in a digital still camera or video camcorder, may include a single spatial light modulator microdisplay that can be used both to provide a virtual image at a viewing location, such as near-eye viewing port, and to provide a real image that can be projected onto a surface such as a projection screen. The projection screen may be on an exterior surface of the camera, it may be extendable from the device such as with a camcorder, or it may be an external screen such as a on a wall, desk, piece of paper, or a traditional projection screen. The optical paths for the near-eye and projection modes may be entirely different, with only the SLM in common, or they may be largely or entirely common paths. Different light sources may be used for the two modes, or it may be the same light source.

Abstract: A dry alkali metal phenate can be more efficiently carbonated with carbon dioxide under pressure to an alkali metal carboxylate of a phenol, if the phenate is finely divided and the temperature during carbonation is maintained below about 135.degree. C. until at least about 25 mole percent of the carbon dioxide theoretically necessary to achieve complete carbonation is absorbed by the phenate. This method of carbonation is particularly useful to produce the sodium salt of salicylic acid.

Abstract: Alkali metal salicylate can be efficiently acidified and the salicylic acid product formed contemporaneously sublimed by contacting the salicylate as a solid with gaseous hydrogen chloride at the conditions specified. The temperature of the gaseous hydrogen chloride is controlled so that the heat required to sublime the salicylic acid product is predominantly supplied by the heat of reaction of the hydrogen chloride with the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid.