Abstract: A neuromodulation therapy is delivered via at least one electrode implanted subcutaneously and superficially to a fascia layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. In one example, an implantable medical device is deployed along a superficial surface of a deep fascia tissue layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. Electrical stimulation energy is delivered to the nerve through the deep fascia tissue layer via implantable medical device electrodes.

Abstract: A neuromodulation therapy is delivered via at least one electrode implanted subcutaneously and superficially to a fascia layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. In one example, an implantable medical device is deployed along a superficial surface of a deep fascia tissue layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. Electrical stimulation energy is delivered to the nerve through the deep fascia tissue layer via implantable medical device electrodes.

Abstract: A surgical patient support includes a foundation frame, a support top, and a brake system. The foundation frame includes a first column and a second column. The support top is coupled to the first column and the second column for rotation about a top axis extending along the length of the support top. A single-handle unlock for the support top is also provided.

Abstract: Compositions containing free amino acids have been found to provide effective pain relief in less than five minutes following administration. Suitable compositions include free leucine, free isoleucine, and free valine in a leucine:isoleucine:valine weight ratio of about 1.9:1:1.3. Palatability is improved by the addition of free glycine, such that sweeteners or other flavorants are not necessary. The composition can be a two part formulation in which certain amino acids are provided as a capsule or tablet in order to improve palatability.

Abstract: Compositions containing free amino acids have been found to provide effective pain relief in less than five minutes following administration. Suitable compositions include free leucine, free isoleucine, and free valine in a leucine:isoleucine:valine weight ratio of about 1.9:1:1.3. Palatability is improved by the addition of free glycine, such that sweeteners or other flavorants are not necessary. The composition can be a two part formulation in which certain amino acids are provided as a capsule or tablet in order to improve palatability.

Abstract: A portable spectrometer, including a smart phone case storing a portable spectrometer, wherein the portable spectrometer includes a cavity; a source for emitting electromagnetic radiation that is directed on a sample in the cavity, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is reflected within the cavity to form multiple passes of the electromagnetic radiation through the sample; a detector for detecting the electromagnetic radiation after the electromagnetic radiation has made the multiple passes through the sample in the cavity, the detector outputting a signal in response to the detecting; and a device for communicating the signal to a smart phone, wherein the smart phone executes an application that performs a spectral analysis of the signal.

Abstract: A portable spectrometer, including a smart phone case storing a portable spectrometer, wherein the portable spectrometer includes a cavity; a source for emitting electromagnetic radiation that is directed on a sample in the cavity, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is reflected within the cavity to form multiple passes of the electromagnetic radiation through the sample; a detector for detecting the electromagnetic radiation after the electromagnetic radiation has made the multiple passes through the sample in the cavity, the detector outputting a signal in response to the detecting; and a device for communicating the signal to a smart phone, wherein the smart phone executes an application that performs a spectral analysis of the signal.

Abstract: A method including accessing a first virtual prototype configured to perform a first simulation of a hardware design, identifying checkpoints within the first virtual prototype, each checkpoint including a storage state and/or behavioral state, and determining breakpoints for dividing execution of a second virtual prototype into a series of execution segments, where the second virtual prototype is configured to perform a second simulation of the hardware design, the second virtual prototype includes virtual models representing a separate portion of the hardware design, each virtual model representing a same portion of the hardware design as a corresponding virtual model of the first virtual prototype.

Abstract: A method including accessing a first virtual prototype configured to perform a first simulation of a hardware design, identifying checkpoints within the first virtual prototype, each checkpoint including a storage state and/or behavioral state, and determining breakpoints for dividing execution of a second virtual prototype into a series of execution segments, where the second virtual prototype is configured to perform a second simulation of the hardware design, the second virtual prototype includes virtual models representing a separate portion of the hardware design, each virtual model representing a same portion of the hardware design as a corresponding virtual model of the first virtual prototype.

Abstract: An infrared laser spectrometer employs a laser and a thermoelectrically cooler detector. The spectrometer uses a monolithic ring mirror with a single aperture that serves to accept the input laser illumination and the output optical signal. The laser is tunable. The number of passes of the input laser illumination can be controlled, so as to define a laser path length. In some embodiments, the ring mirror is open to the atmosphere, and in other embodiments the ring mirror is closed from the ambient atmosphere to allow samples of known origin to be measured in the spectrometer.

Abstract: A tool for emulation systems that obtains the state values for only discrete partitions of a circuit design. When a partition is being emulated, the emulation system obtains the input values for the specified partition at each clock cycle and the state values for the specified partition at intervals. Using the state and input values with a software model of the specified circuit design partition, the tool calculates the state values for the partition at every clock cycle. The software model may correspond to the partitioning information used to implement the circuit design across multiple configurable logic element devices, such as FPGAs. Thus, each software model may correspond to the portion of a circuit design emulated on a discrete FPGA integrated circuit.

Abstract: The present photonic RF generation and distribution system provides a system and method for distributing an RF output signal. The photonic RF distribution system includes two optical sources for generating optical signals. A first optical source (42) is operable to generate a first optical signal having an operating frequency. A second optical source (44) is operable to generate a second optical signal having an operating frequency. A modulator (46) is operable to impress an RF modulation signal on a tapped portion of the first optical signal such that a modulated signal is generated. A first coupler (52) combines the modulated signal with a tapped portion of the second optical signal, thereby forming a combined signal having a difference frequency component. A control photodetector (50) is responsive to the combined signal to generate a tone signal.

Abstract: A PIN electro-optical traveling wave modulator (10) including diffraction gratings (34, 36) positioned at opposing sides of an optical waveguide (20) that act to change the propagation pattern of the waveguide (20). The modulator (10) includes an N-type layer (14), a P-type layer (18) and an intrinsic layer (16) acting as the waveguide (20). A metal electrode (26) is in electrical contact with the N-type layer (14), and a metal electrode (30) is in electrical contact with the P-type layer (18). The electrodes (26, 30) define an RF transmission line. An optical wave (22) propagates along the waveguide (20) and interacts with the gratings (34, 36) which slow the optical wave (22) to match its speed to the speed of the RF wave in the transmission line. In one embodiment, the gratings (34, 36) are 2-D gratings formed by vertical holes (38) in the waveguide (20).

Abstract: A coupled quantum well Mach-Zehnder modulator that employs a push-pull structure to reduce the modulation voltage. The Mach-Zehnder modulator includes a first arm having a first PIN semiconductor device and a second arm having a second PIN semiconductor device. The intrinsic layers of the PIN devices include a coupled quantum well structure to provide an opposite index of refraction change for different DC bias voltages. An RF signal used to modulate the light beam is applied to the two arms in phase and causes the index of refraction in the intrinsic layers of the two PIN devices to change in opposite directions so that a push-pull type drive is achieved without requiring 180° out-of-phase RF drive signal.

Abstract: A single-electrode, push-pull semiconductor PIN Mach-Zehnder modulator (10) that includes first and second PIN devices (12, 14) on a substrate (16). Intrinsic layers (22, 28) of the devices (12, 14) are the active regions of two arms (50, 52) of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. An outer electrode (38) is connected to the N layer (24) of the first PIN device (12) and a center electrode (40) is connected to the P layer (20) of the first PIN device (12). An outer electrode (42) is connected to the P layer (26) of the second PIN device (14) and the center electrode (40) is connected to the N layer (30) of the second PIN device (14). An RF modulation signal biases the PIN devices (12, 14) in opposite directions and causes the index refraction of the intrinsic layers (22, 28) to change in opposite directions to give a push-pull modulation effect.

Abstract: A coupled quantum well Mach-Zehnder modulator that employs a push-pull structure to reduce the modulation voltage. The Mach-Zehnder modulator includes a first arm having a first PIN semiconductor device and a second arm having a second PIN semiconductor device. The intrinsic layers of the PIN devices include a coupled quantum well structure to provide an opposite index of refraction change for different DC bias voltages. An RF signal used to modulate the light beam is applied to the two arms in phase and causes the index of refraction in the intrinsic layers of the two PIN devices to change in opposite directions so that a push-pull type drive is achieved without requiring 180° out-of-phase RF drive signal.

Abstract: A three terminal edge illuminated epilayer waveguide phototransistor including a subcollector layer formed of an epitaxially grown quaternary semiconductor material, such as heavily doped InGaAsP. A collector region of undoped InGaAs is epitaxially grown on the subcollector layer. A base region, including a heavily doped InGaAs base layer and a very thin undoped InGaAs spacer layer, is epitaxially grown on the collector layer. An emitter region, including a doped InGaAsP layer, a doped InP layer, and a heavily doped InGaAs emitter contact layer, is epitaxially grown on the base layer. The various layers and regions are formed so as to define an edge-illuminated facet for receiving incident light.

Abstract: A three terminal edge illuminated epilayer waveguide phototransistor including a subcollector layer formed of an epitaxially grown quaternary semiconductor material, such as heavily doped InGaAsP. A collector region of undoped InGaAs is epitaxially grown on the subcollector layer. A base region, including a heavily doped InGaAs base layer and a very thin undoped InGaAs spacer layer, is epitaxially grown on the collector layer. An emitter region, including a doped InGaAsP layer, a doped InP layer, and a heavily doped InGaAs emitter contact layer, is epitaxially grown on the base layer. The various layers and regions are formed so as to define an edge-illuminated facet for receiving incident light.

Abstract: Mach-Zehnder modulator with index tuned multimode interference couplers comprising a substrate, an optical input waveguide on the substrate for receiving a light signal, and an input multimode interference coupler. The input multimode interference coupler splits the received light and propagates it down two separate waveguides. Also, the input multimode interference coupler contains electrodes that allow the index of refraction to be tuned. These waveguides contain phase shift regions so that the light signals can be combined at the output multimode interference coupler out of phase. This allows the modulation of the light signal. Also, the output multimode interference coupler contains electrodes that allow the index of refraction to be tuned. The modulated light signal is then outputted through an output waveguide. The tuning of the index of refraction for the input and output multimode interference couplers eliminates the sensitivity of the areas to variations in their geometry.

Abstract: Mach-Zehnder modulator with index tuned multimode interference couplers comprising a substrate, an optical input waveguide on the substrate for receiving a light signal, and an input multimode interference coupler. The input multimode interference coupler splits the received light and propagates it down two separate waveguides. Also, the input multimode interference coupler contains electrodes that allow the index of refraction to be tuned. These waveguides contain phase shift regions so that the light signals can be combined at the output multimode interference coupler out of phase. This allows the modulation of the light signal. Also, the output multimode interference coupler contains electrodes that allow the index of refraction to be tuned. The modulated light signal is then outputted through an output waveguide. The tuning of the index of refraction for the input and output multimode interference couplers eliminates the sensitivity of the areas to variations in their geometry.