Abstract: A method for forming a layered anode material includes contacting a precursor material and a first electrolyte. The precursor material is a layered ionic compound represented by MX2, where M is one of calcium and magnesium and X is one of silicon, germanium, and boron. The method further includes applying a first bias and/or current as the precursor material contacts the first electrolyte to remove cations from the precursor material to create a two-dimensional structure that defines the layered anode material. In certain variations, the method further includes contacting the two-dimensional structure and a second electrolyte and applying a second bias and/or current as the two-dimensional structure contacts the second electrolyte so as to cause lithium ions to move into interlayer spaces or voids created in the two-dimensional structure by the removal of the cations thereby forming the layered anode material.

Abstract: An electroactive material for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions is provided. The electroactive material includes a plurality of atomic layers and a plurality of cations disposed between the atomic layers. The plurality of atomic layers includes an atom selected from the group consisting of: silicon, germanium, boron, and combinations thereof. The plurality of cations is selected from the group consisting of: calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, nickel, potassium, sodium, and combinations thereof. A ratio of the cations to atoms that define the atomic layer may be less than about 1:2.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for modeling and analyzing utility structures according to applied loads. Particularly, a model engine can utilize inputs related to a utility structure, environmental conditions to which the utility structure is subjected, and engineering standards expected of the utility structure, and analyze the structure's loading and performance based on analysis configuration inputs. An engine or multiple engines can be run locally, or can be instantiated in a cloud to assist with multiple or complex calculations. Hybrid and geometric non-linear analyses and outputs can be performed or provided.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing a program and method for selecting ads for a video. The program and method provide for receiving a request for an ad to insert into a video playing on a client device, the request including a first content identifier that identifies a first type of content included in the video; determining a set of content identifiers associated with the first content identifier, the set of content identifiers identifying second types of content to filter with respect to providing the ad in response to the request; selecting an ad from among plural ads, by filtering ads tagged with a second content identifier included in the set of content identifiers; and providing the selected ad as a response to the request.

Abstract: Table grape plants exhibiting reduced berry browning are provided, together with methods of producing, identifying, or selecting plants or germplasm with a reduced berry browning phenotype. Such plants include table grape plants comprising introgressed genomic regions conferring a reduction in berry browning. Compositions, including novel polymorphic markers for detecting plants comprising introgressed berry browning reduction alleles, are further provided.

Abstract: An electrode assembly that includes a current collector, a lithium foil, and a solid solution interface that chemically binds the current collector and the lithium foil is provided. The solid solution interface includes a portion of the current collector that is impregnated with lithium atoms diffused from the lithium foil. In some variations, a method for forming the electrode assembly includes heating a precursor electrode assembly that includes a current collector and a lithium metal film to a temperature that is less than a melting point of lithium, so that lithium atoms diffuse into the current collector during the heating. In other variations, a method for forming the electrode assembly includes disposing a molten lithium onto a heated current collector to form a precursor electrode assembly, and cooling the assembly to form a lithium metal layer that is chemically bonded to the current collector.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for preparing an electroactive material for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The method includes immersing a plurality of electroactive material particles in an aqueous solution and adding one or more fluorinated lithium salts to the aqueous solution to form a protective particle coating on each of the electroactive material particles of the plurality of electroactive material particles, where the plurality of electroactive material particles defines the electroactive material. The protective particle coatings are continuous coatings that cover greater than or equal to about 95% of a total exposed surface area of each electroactive material particle of the plurality of electroactive material particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for forming a pre-lithiated layered anode material. The method includes removing cations from a precursor material including a layered ionic compound to form creates a two-dimensional structure that defines a layered anode material. The method further includes inserting lithium ions using an anion insertion wet-chemical process into the layered anode materials to form the pre-lithiated layered anode material. The anion insertion wet-chemical process can be the same as or different form the cation extraction wet-chemical process. In each instance, the precursor material is be represented by MX2, where M is one of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and X is one of silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and boron (B) and the precursor material has alternating layers of M and X.

Abstract: An electrode including an electrochemical layer defining a surface having a plurality of dimples formed thereon is provided. The dimples have an average lateral size greater than or equal to about 100 nm to less than or equal to about 100 ?m, and an average depth greater than or equal to about 100 nm to less than or equal to about 50 ?m. In certain variations, the dimples are formed in situ by applying a current to the electrochemical layer. In other variations, the dimples are formed by moving a roller having a plurality of shapes defined thereon along one or more surfaces of the electrochemical layer. In still other variations, the dimples are formed by contacting one or more surfaces of the electrochemical layer with a chemical etchant.

Abstract: A method for forming a prelithiated, layered anode material includes contacting an ionic compound and a lithium precursor in an environment having a temperature ranging from about 200° C. to about 900° C. The ionic compound is a three-dimensional layered material represented by MX2, where M is one of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and X is one of silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and boron (B). The lithium precursor is selected from the group consisting of: LiH, LiC, LiOH, LiCl, and combinations thereof. The contacting of the ionic compound and the lithium precursor in the environment causes removal of cations from the ionic compound to create openings in interlayer spaces or voids in the three-dimensional layered material thereby defining a two-dimensional layered material and also causes introduction of lithium ions from the lithium precursor into the interlayer spaces or voids to form the prelithiated, layered anode material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for forming a two-dimensional silicon oxide negative electroactive material. The methods include contacting a two-dimensional silicon allotrope and an oxidizing agent in an environment having a temperature of greater than or equal to about 25° C. to less than or equal to about 1,000° C., where the contacting of the two-dimensional silicon allotrope and the oxidizing agent causes the two-dimensional silicon allotrope to oxidize and form the two-dimensional silicon oxide negative electroactive material. In certain variations, the oxidizing agent includes oxygen and the contacting of the two-dimensional silicon allotrope and the oxidizing agent may include disposing the two-dimensional silicon allotrope in an oxygen-containing environment comprising less than or equal to about 21% of oxygen. In other variations, the oxidizing agent includes a wet chemical agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a negative electrode for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The negative electrode may include a negative electroactive material and a lithiation additive. The negative electroactive material may have a first cell voltage window. The lithiation additive may have a second cell voltage window. The second cell voltage window may be less than the first cell voltage window. When the electrochemical cell is operated in the second cell voltage window, the lithiation additive may lithiated the cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for forming a prelithiated, layered anode material. The method includes contacting a precursor material and an electrolyte that includes one or more lithium salts and one or more solvents. The electrolyte may have a molarity greater than or equal to about 0.1 M to less than or equal to a solubility limit of the one or more lithium salts in the one or more solvents. The precursor material may be a three-dimensional layered material and the contacting of the precursor material and the electrolyte causes removal of cations from the precursor material and introduction of lithium ions from the electrolyte into interlayer spaces or voids created by the removal of the cations to form the prelithiated, layered anode material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electroactive material for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The electroactive material includes a plurality of electroactive particles having an average diameter greater than or equal to about 100 nm to less than or equal to about 50 ?m. Each electroactive particle includes a layered anode material defined by a two-dimensional allotrope. The two-dimensional allotrope includes a plurality of atomic layers that include a negative electroactive material selected from the group consisting of: silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), boron (B), and combinations thereof. In certain variations, the layered anode material may be prelithiated. For example, lithium ions may be dispersed between the atomic layers of the two-dimensional allotrope to pre-lithiate the layered anode material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for forming a layered anode material. The method includes contacting a precursor material and a first electrolyte. The precursor material is a layered ionic compound represented by MX2, where M is one of calcium and magnesium and X is one of silicon, germanium, and boron. The method further includes applying a first bias and/or current as the precursor material contacts the first electrolyte so as to remove cations from the precursor material to create a two-dimensional structure that defines the layered anode material. In certain variations, the method further include contacting the two-dimensional structure and a second electrolyte, and applying a second bias and/or current as the two-dimensional structure contacts the second electrolyte so as to cause lithium ions to move into interlayer spaces or voids created in the two-dimensional structure by the removal of the cations thereby forming the layered anode material.

Abstract: A modular tulip assembly has a rod receiving tulip and a saddle. The saddle is interlockingly held inside a distal portion of the tulip. The saddle has an external locking groove or recess. The tulip has a locking projection. The locking projection is positioned into the external locking groove or recess and holds the saddle in a pre-loaded unlocked state ready to be pushed onto a head of an implanted bone screw. Upon receiving the head of the bone screw, the saddle can be moved distally relative to the tulip to a locked state by moving the locking groove or recess distally past the locking projection to where the proximal end of the saddle is past abutting the locking projection.

Abstract: A modular tulip assembly has a rod receiving tulip and a saddle. The saddle is interlockingly held inside a distal portion of the tulip. The saddle has an external locking groove or recess. The tulip has a locking projection. The locking projection is positioned into the external locking groove or recess and holds the saddle in a pre-loaded unlocked state ready to be pushed onto a head of an implanted bone screw. Upon receiving the head of the bone screw, the saddle can be moved distally relative to the tulip to a locked state by moving the locking groove or recess distally past the locking projection to where the proximal end of the saddle is past abutting the locking projection.

Abstract: This invention is a new and distinct grapevine variety denominated ‘IFG Forty-seven’. The new grapevine ‘IFG Forty-seven’ is characterized by producing small dark red berries having a broad ellipsoid shape with a unique strong fruity labrusca flavor reminiscent of artificial grape flavor. Fruits normally ripen in early season about late June to early July near Delano Calif. Fruits have medium to firm texture. Vines are productive and can be pruned to short spurs.

Abstract: This invention is a new and distinct variety of grapevine denominated ‘IFG Forty-eight’. The new grapevine is characterized by producing small sized obtuse ovoid white berries having crisp texture with a strong muscat flavor and which ripens in early season. Berries are borne on medium size clusters which are loose and do not need gibberellin applications to thin clusters. Gibberellin is required to increase berry size.

Abstract: This invention is a new and distinct grapevine plant denominated ‘IFG Rais-one’. The new grapevine is characterized by producing small-sized white seedless berries that begin to dehydrate naturally on the vine, producing dried on the vine raisins without the need for cane-cutting. Berries are borne on medium sized clusters which are loose in nature.