Abstract: A method for hybrid RF beamforming comprising: providing an antenna structure which comprises: a driven element, parasitic elements configured to couple/decouple a linearly polarized radiation pattern and arranged around the driven elements, a feed system comprising four ports that are 90 degrees out of phase with each other and are connected to the driven element, RF switches electrically connected to the parasitic elements and the four ports, and a controller operatively connected to the RF switches; selectively attenuating an output of each of the four ports with the controller according to a stored configuration, which is stored in a memory, by changing the four ports' respective phase or attenuation; and selectively changing a loading of each parasitic element by activating each parasitic element's corresponding RF switch with the controller according to the stored configuration so as to produce a desired null/beamforming of a main RF beam.

Abstract: A process for an electronically steerable parasitic array (ESPAR) antenna includes operating the ESPAR antenna with a receiver in Normal Mode until an internal flag is generated by the receiver indicating jamming RF noise preventing Normal Mode operation, causing the ESPAR antenna to switch to Anti-jam Mode. Anti-jam Mode includes a Search Mode and a Track Mode. The ESPAR antenna is steered in Search Mode, causing the ESPAR antenna to beam in a circular pattern to locate a spatial direction of the jamming RF noise, identify the spatial direction of the jamming RF noise preventing Normal Mode operation, and place a null in the spatial direction of the jamming RF noise. The ESPAR antenna switches to Track Mode to maintain the null in the spatial direction of the jamming RF noise until the jamming RF noise is not present. The ESPAR antenna then returns to operating in Normal Mode.

Abstract: An electronically steerable parasitic array (ESPAR) antenna system that includes an ESPAR antenna, a GPS receiver, a GPS low-noise amplifier, a power detector module, and a central processing unit. The GPS receiver is connected to the ESPAR antenna as a separate component. The GPS low-noise amplifier strengthens a signal to propagate through the transmission line and operates in the L1 and L2 GPS bands. The power detector module provides additional amplification for noise quantification. The power detector receives an RF power level and converts the RF power level into a DC voltage output. The central processing unit includes memory that is capable of storing the DC voltage output from the power detector.

Abstract: An electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna system that includes an ESPAR antenna, a GPS receiver, a GPS low-noise amplifier, a power detector module, and a central processing unit. The GPS receiver is connected to the ESPAR antenna as a separate component. The GPS low-noise amplifier strengthens a signal to propagate through the transmission line and operates in the L1 and L2 GPS bands. The power detector module provides additional amplification for noise quantification. The power detector receives an RF power level and converts the RF power level into a DC voltage output. The central processing unit includes memory that is capable of storing the DC voltage output from the power detector.

Abstract: A process for an electronically steerable parasitic array (ESPAR) antenna includes operating the ESPAR antenna with a receiver in Normal Mode until an internal flag is generated by the receiver indicating jamming RF noise preventing Normal Mode operation, causing the ESPAR antenna to switch to Anti-jam Mode. Anti-jam Mode includes a Search Mode and a Track Mode. The ESPAR antenna is steered in Search Mode, causing the ESPAR antenna to beam in a circular pattern to locate a spatial direction of the jamming RF noise, identify the spatial direction of the jamming RF noise preventing Normal Mode operation, and place a null in the spatial direction of the jamming RF noise. The ESPAR antenna switches to Track Mode to maintain the null in the spatial direction of the jamming RF noise until the jamming RF noise is not present. The ESPAR antenna then returns to operating in Normal Mode.

Abstract: A switchboard controller for a parasitic antenna array. The switchboard controller has an internal bias tee mounted within an RF-shielded enclosure. The internal bias tee has an RF port, a DC port, and an RF & DC port. The RF port is configured to be connected to a driven element of the parasitic array antenna, and the RF & DC port is configured to be connected to an RF and DC source. The switchboard controller also has a voltage regulator mounted within the enclosure and is electrically connected to the DC port. The switchboard controller also has a plurality of manual switches electrically connected to the voltage regulator, each switch operatively connected to a separate parasitic element of the parasitic array antenna. The switches are mounted on the back side of a frame in a 2-dimensional pattern that is similar to the physical layout of the parasitic elements.

Abstract: A switchboard controller for a parasitic antenna array. The switchboard controller has an internal bias tee mounted within an RF-shielded enclosure. The internal bias tee has an RF port, a DC port, and an RF & DC port. The RF port is configured to be connected to a driven element of the parasitic array antenna, and the RF & DC port is configured to be connected to an RF and DC source. The switchboard controller also has a voltage regulator mounted within the enclosure and is electrically connected to the DC port. The switchboard controller also has a plurality of manual switches electrically connected to the voltage regulator, each switch operatively connected to a separate parasitic element of the parasitic array antenna. The switches are mounted on the back side of a frame in a 2-dimensional pattern that is similar to the physical layout of the parasitic elements.

Abstract: A device is provided for use with a modulator and radar reflector, the modulator being operable to generate a modulation signal, the radar reflector being operable to generate a reflected radar signal based on the modulation signal and a radar signal. The device includes: a radar transmitter operable to transmit the radar signal; a radar receiver operable to receive the reflected radar signal; an oscilloscope operable to generate a received signal based on the reflected radar signal; and an output component operable to output an output signal based on the received signal.

Abstract: A ferrite-loaded broadband loop antenna having nearly comparable transmit/receive characteristics is disclosed. The antenna contains a low loss ferrite core having a width-to-height ratio of approximately 24 and a depth-to-height ratio of approximately 6, and an antenna feed plate assembly centered about the long axis of the ferrite core, having a width-to-height ratio of approximately 6 and a width-to-depth ratio of approximately 1, and a balanced feed located at the center of the antenna feed plate assembly, positioned on the radiating side of the antenna, and a low loss center element in the ferrite core, the center element having at least one of a loss tangent and a permeability that is lower than the ferrite core, and a grounding surface coupled to the antenna feed plates.