Abstract: A compound of formula (I): or a salt, enamine or the like, acylate, sulphonate, carbamate or ether derivative thereof; wherein X, X1 and X2 are independently oxygen or sulphur, R1 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or cycloalkyl group, and Y is an optionally substituted C2-C4 alkylene group which is optionally interposed by an oxygen atom, a group a group or an optionally mono-substituted nitrogen atom, wherein p is 0, 1 or 2, s is 0 or 1 and Rb is alkyl or alkoxy; provided that when X, X1 and X2 are oxygen, R1 is not pyridyl or pyrimidinyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and herbicidal compositions containing them are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for detecting fraudulent use of a communications system detects and prevents fraud by assigning codes or randomly generated codes for communication access between a subscriber station and a fixed end and updating the codes upon the occurrence of one or more key events associated with subscriber activity in the communications system. The method permits detection and monitoring of fraudulent activity by permitting a legitimate subscriber station and an illegitimate subscriber station to have two different codes or dynamic codes after the legitimate subscriber station's identity has been misappropriated.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt, enamine or the like, acylate, sulphonate, carbamate or ether derivative thereof; wherein X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently oxygen or sulphur, R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or cycloalkyl group, and Y is an optionally substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group which is optionally interposed by an oxygen atom, a group ##STR2## a group ##STR3## or an optionally mono-substituted nitrogen atom, wherein p is 0, 1 or 2, s is 0 or 1 and R.sup.b is alkyl or alkoxy; provided that when X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are oxygen, R.sup.1 is not pyridyl or pyrimidinyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and herbicidal compositions containing them are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt, enamine or the like, acylate, sulphonate, carbamate or ether derivative thereof; wherein X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently oxygen or sulphur, R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or cycloalkyl group, and Y is an optionally substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group which is optionally interposed, by an oxygen atom, a group ##STR2## a group ##STR3## or an optionally mono-substituted nitrogen atom, wherein p is 0, 1 or 2, s is 0 or 1 and R.sup.b is alkyl or alkoxy; provided that when X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are oxygen, R.sup.1 is not pyridyl or pyrimidinyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and herbicidal compositions containing them are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt, enamine or the like, acylate, sulphonate, carbamate or ether derivative thereof; wherein X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently oxygen or sulphur, R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or cycloalkyl group, and Y is an optionally substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group which is optionally interposed by an oxygen atom, a group ##STR2## a group ##STR3## or an optionally mono-substituted nitrogen atom, wherein p is 0, 1 or 2, s is 0 or 1 and R.sup.b is alkyl or alkoxy; provided that when X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are oxygen, R.sup.1 is not pyridyl or pyrimidinyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and herbicidal compositions containing them are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt, enamine or the like, acylate, sulphonate, carbamate or ether derivative thereof; wherein X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently oxygen or sulphur, R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or cycloalkyl group, and Y is an optionally substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group which is optionally interposed by an oxygen atom, a group ##STR2## or an optionally mono-substituted nitrogen atom, wherein p is 0, 1 or 2, s is 0 or 1 and R.sup.b is alkyl or alkoxy; provided that when X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are oxygen, R.sup.1 is not pyridyl or pyrimidinyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and herbicidal compositions containing them are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A herbicidal compound of formula (I): ##STR1## or N-oxide or quaternised derivative thereof; Ar is an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic ring system;W is O or NR.sup.1 where R.sup.1 is H or lower alkyl;A, B, D are independently selected from N, NR.sup.2, N--E, CR.sup.6, C--E or C(R.sup.6)E;wherein E is: ##STR2## provided 2 of A, B and D are N, NR.sup.2 or N--E; one of A, B and D is CR.sup.6, C--E or C(R.sup.6) E and at least one of A, B or D carries a group E;where R.sup.2 is H, OR.sup.7, CN, COOR.sup.8, alkyl or haloalkyl;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, halogen, NR.sup.9 R.sup.10, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optically substituted alkenyl or cycloalkyl group;X is (CH.sub.2).sub.n, CH.dbd.CH, CH(OR.sup.16)CH.sub.2 or COCH.sub.2 where n is O, 1 or 2;R.sup.5 is CO.sub.2 R.sup.11, CN, COR.sup.11, CH(OH)R.sup.11, CH(OR.sup.11)R.sup.12, CSNH.sub.2, COSR.sup.11, CSOR.sup.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt, enamine or the like, acylate, sulphonate, carbamate or ether derivative thereof; wherein X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently oxygen or sulphur, R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or cycloalkyl group, and Y is an optionally substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group which is optionally interposed by an oxygen atom, a group ##STR2## or an optionally mono-substituted nitrogen atom, wherein p is 0, 1 or 2, s is 0 or 1 and R.sup.b is alkyl or alkoxy; provided that when X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are oxygen R.sup.1 is not pyridyl or pyrimidinyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and herbicidal compositions containing them are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A herbicidal compound of formula (I): ##STR1## in which the dotted line indicates the presence of two double bonds arranged so as to form a fused hetero-aromatic ring system;Py is an optionally substituted pyrazole ring;W is O or NR.sup.1 ; where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;X is (CH.sub.2).sub.n, CH.dbd.CH, CH(OR.sup.5)CH.sub.2, COCH.sub.2 ;where n is 0, 1 or 2;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, halogen, NR.sup.6 R.sup.7, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted alkenyl or cycloalkyl group;R.sup.4 is CO.sub.2 R.sup.8, CN, COR.sup.8, CH.sub.2 OR.sup.8, CH(OH)R.sup.8, CH(OR.sup.8)R.sup.9, CSNH.sub.2, COSR.sup.8, CSOR.sup.8, CONHSO.sub.2 R.sup.8, CONR.sup.10 R.sup.11, CONHNR.sup.10 R.sup.11, CONHN.sup.+ R.sup.10 R.sup.11 R.sup.12 R.sup.14-, CO.sub.2.sup.- R.sup.15+ or COON.dbd.CR.sup.10 R.sup.11 ;R.sup.15+ is an agriculturally acceptable cation and R.sup.

Abstract: A herbicidal compound of formula (I): ##STR1## in which Ar is an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic ring system:R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or akynyl, halogen, NR.sup.a R.sup.b, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted alkenyl or cycloalkyl group;R.sup.3 is CO.sub.2 R.sup.4, CN, COR.sup.4, CH.sub.2 OR.sup.4, CH.sub.4 (OH)R.sup.4, CH(OR.sup.4)R.sup.5, CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.6 R.sup.4, CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.6 R.sub.4, CH.sub.2 ONR.sup.6 R.sup.7, CSNH.sub.2, COSR.sup.4, SCOR.sup.4, COHNSO.sub.2 R.sup.4, CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7, CONHNR.sup.6 R.sup.7, CONHN.sup.+ R.sup.6 R.sup.7 R.sup.8 Y.sup.-2, CO.sub.2.sup.- M.sup.+ or COON.dbd.CR.sup.6 R.sup.7 ;M.sup.+ is an agriculturally acceptable cation;Y.sup.- is an agriculturally acceptable anion;R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are independently selected from H or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl group;R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## in which Ar is an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic ring system; W is O or NR.sup.1 where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;A is .dbd.CH or >CH.sub.2 and G is .dbd.C--R.sup.2, >CR.sup.3 R.sup.4 or >C.dbd.R.sup.5 such that --G--A-- is --CR.sup.2 .dbd.CH--, where R.sup.2 is H or CR.sup.6 R.sup.7 XR.sup.8 ; or --G--A-- is CR.sup.3 R.sup.4 --CH.sub.2 where CR.sup.3 R.sup.4 is CH--CR.sup.6 R.sup.7 XR.sup.8, CH--OCR.sup.6 R.sup.7 XR.sup.8, C(R.sup.9)OCOR.sup.10, CR.sup.9 R.sup.10, C(R.sup.9)OR.sup.10, C(OR.sup.9)OR.sup.10, or CH--CH.sub.2 (CO.sub.2 R.sup.11); or --G--A-- is --CR.sup.5 --CH.sub.2 -- where R.sup.5 is .dbd.CR.sup.7 XR.sup.8, .dbd.NOCR.sup.6 R.sup.7 XR.sup.8, .dbd.NOR.sup.11 or .dbd.NOCOR.sup.11 ;X is (CH.sub.2).sub.n, CH.dbd.CH, CH(OR.sup.20)CH.sub.2, or COCH.sub.2 ;n is 0, 1 or 2;R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, halogen, NR.sup.9 R.sup.10, or R.sup.6 and R.sup.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## in which the dotted lines indicate the presence of two double bonds arranged so as to form a fused hetero-aromatic ring system;Ar is an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic ring;W is O or NR.sup.1, where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;X is (CH.sub.2).sub.n, CH.dbd.CH, CH(OR.sup.5)CH.sub.2, COCH.sub.2 ;where n is O, 1 or 2;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, halogen, NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted alkenyl or cycloalkyl group;R.sup.4 is CO.sub.2 R.sup.8, CN, COR.sup.8, CH.sub.2 OR.sup.8, CH(OH)R.sup.8, CH(OR.sup.8)R.sup.9, CSNH.sub.2, COSR.sup.8, CSOR.sup.8, CONHSO.sub.2 R.sup.8, CONR.sup.10 R.sup.11, CONHNR.sup.10 R.sup.11, CONHN.sup.+ R.sup.10 R.sup.11 R.sup.12 R.sup.13-, CO.sub.2.sup.- R.sup.14+ or COON.dbd.CR.sup.10 R.sup.11 ;R.sup.14+ is an agriculturally acceptable cation; and R.sup.

Abstract: A herbicidal compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is O, S(O).sub.n or NR.sup.a where R.sup.a is H or alkyl and n is 0, 1 or 2;R.sup.1 is H or halo;R.sup.2 is N or CR.sup.3 where R.sup.3 is halo or NO.sub.2 ;R.sup.4 is H, halo, NO.sub.2, alkyl, haloalkyl, CN, CO.sub.2 alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, COalkyl, COphenyl, CHO,OH, NH.sub.2, NHCOalkyl or alkoxyR.sup.5 is H, halo or optionally substituted alkyl;R.sup.6 is H, halo or optionally substituted alkyl; provided that at least one of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is halo;R.sup.7 is CN, CHO, COOR.sup.8, CONR.sup.8 R.sup.9, where R.sup.8 is H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl and R.sup.9 is a group R.sup.8, SO.sub.2 alkyl, NR.sup.10 R.sup.11 or N.sup.+ R.sup.10 R.sup.11 R.sup.12 Z.sup.- where Z is an agriculturally acceptable anion e.g. chloride and R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and compositions containing them are also described.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt, enamine or the like, acylate, sulphonate, carbamate or ether derivative thereof; wherein X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently oxygen or sulphur, R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or cycloalkyl group, and Y is an optionally substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group which is optionally interposed by an oxygen atom, a group>S(O).sub.pa group ##STR2## or an optionally mono-substituted nitrogen atom, wherein p is O, 1 or 2, s is 0.sub.1 or 1 and R.sup.b is alkyl or alkoxy; provided that when X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are oxygen, R.sup.1 is not pyridyl or pyrimidinyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and herbicidal compositions containing them are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) ##STR1## or a zwitterion derivative thereof; wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently optionally substituted alkyl or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic ring; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, nitro, halo, alkyl or CF.sub.3 ; R.sup.5 is halo; and .crclbar. and Z is an anion. The compounds are useful as herbicides.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain pyridine derivatives having herbicidal properties, and to herbicidal processes and compositions utilizing them.

Abstract: Herbicidal pyridine compounds of formula (II): ##STR1## wherein Z is CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 H, CF.sub.2 Cl or hydrogen; Y is hydrogen, Cl, or CF.sub.3, provided that at least one of Y and Z is a halogenomethyl group; and R is a cyano group, or a carboxy group or a range of specified functional derivatives thereof; and wherein more than 50% by weight of the compound is in the D optical isomer form. The compounds are useful as selective herbicides for grass weeds in broad-leaved crops.

Abstract: Diphenyl ethers of formula: ##STR1## wherein A is hydrogen or one of a specified range of substituents e.g. halogen, hydroxy, haloalkyl, B, C, E and F are hydrogen or specified substituents; D is CF.sub.3, halogen, or another specified substituent; and R is a group --CONR.sup.4 SO.sub.2 R.sup.3 wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sup.3 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl radical; useful as selective herbicides.

Abstract: Herbicidal mixtures comprising (1) a diphenyl ether of the formula: ##STR1## or a salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is, for example, alkyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, halogen or nitro; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl or cyano; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, halogen or trifluoromethyl; R.sup.5 is hydrogen, halogen or trifluoromethyl and R.sup.6 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons and (2) another herbicide not of formula (I). Intermediates for preparing the formula (I) compounds and processes for using these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Diphenyl ethers of formula: ##STR1## wherein A is hydrogen or one of a specified range of substituents e.g. halogen, hydroxy, haloalkyl, B, C, E and F are hydrogen or specified substituents; D is CF.sub.3, halogen, or an other specified substituent; and R is a group --CONR.sup.4 SO.sub.2 R.sup.3 wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sup.3 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl radical; useful as selective herbicides.