Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to material sets, methods and printed articles and container supports. In one example, a material set can include a particulate fusible build material having an average particle size ranging from about 0.01 ?m to about 200 ?m, wherein the particulate fusible build material is a polymer powder, a metal composite powder, or a combination thereof. A fusing ink includes a fusing agent in a first liquid vehicle, wherein the fusing agent fuses the particulate fusible build material when exposed to electromagnetic energy or thermal energy. A binding ink includes a binding agent in a second liquid vehicle, wherein the binding agent temporarily binds the fusible build material when exposed to moderate temperatures ranging from ambient to 150° C.

Abstract: A MW signal is delivered to a waveguide with a coaxial concentrator. At least one of an amplitude and a phase of a reflected signal from the coaxial concentrator is monitored to determine material characteristics of a build material fusion process.

Abstract: In a three-dimensional printing method example, build material granules are applied. Each of the build material granules includes uncoated, primary ceramic particles agglomerated together by a binder that is soluble in a primary solvent of a fusing agent. The fusing agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the build material granules. The binder dissolves and a green body including a slurry of the uncoated, ceramic particles is created.

Abstract: An example method includes forming a layer of build material on a build platform of a 3-D printer and correlating X-Y position data and stereoscopic Z-position data for particles of the build material in the layer of build material that are determined to exceed a threshold criteria based on a measure attribute.

Abstract: A first camera and a second camera oriented at different angles and spaced a separation distance to determine surface height measurements. The cameras are focused at a lens focal length to a surface area to record a captured image pair of x-y pixels having common features of the surface area. Correlation of the captured image pair is performed to measure a set of disparity distances between the common features in the captured image pair using a fiducial to assist. The set of disparity distances is converted to a set of z-height measurements with a resolution incorporating the separation distance, the lens focal length, the set of disparity distances, and a calibration error factor.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacturing for calibrating a stereo vision system are described herein. An example stereo vision calibration system includes an automated calibration target stand to support a calibration target. The example stereo vision calibration system further includes a calibrator to control the automated calibration target stand to move the calibration target to a plurality of positions according to a sequence of positions while the automated calibration target stand is disposed in an additive manufacturing (AM) machine, and control a stereo vision system of the AM machine to obtain images of the calibration target in the plurality of positions.

Abstract: According to an example, a three-dimensional (3D) printer may include a spreader to spread build material granules into a layer on a build area platform, a pressing die positioned above the layer of spread build material granules, in which the pressing die is to apply pressure onto the layer of build material granules to fragment the build material granules into primary particles to increase the density of the layer of build material granules, and a printhead to selectively deposit a fusing agent between the primary particles of the spread layer of build material granules.

Abstract: Printers are disclosed. An example printer includes a build controller to access metrics of a layer on a work area and to select a dosing profile from a plurality of dosing profiles to fuse the layer based on the metrics.

Abstract: In one example, a method of fabricating a three-dimensional object includes depositing a layer of build material, depositing a coalescing agent onto the layer of build material according to a slice of three-dimensional model data, irradiating the coalescing agent with microwave radiation such that the coalescing agent converts the microwave radiation into heat to coalesce the build material in which the coalescing agent was deposited.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to material sets, methods and printed articles and container supports. In one example, a material set can include a particulate fusible build material a particulate fusible build material having an average particle size ranging from about 0.01 ?m to about 200 ?m. The material set can also include a fusing ink including a fusing agent in a first liquid vehicle, wherein the fusing agent fuses the particulate fusible build material when exposed to electromagnetic energy or thermal energy. The material set can also include a binding ink including a binding agent in a second liquid vehicle, wherein the binding agent temporarily binds the particulate fusible build material when exposed to moderate temperatures ranging from ambient to 150° C.

Abstract: In example implementations, an apparatus includes a housing, a movable base, a tab portion and a coupling mechanism. The housing is comprised of a microwave transparent material. The movable base is coupled to the housing to receive build material that is digitally printed. The tab portion is coupled to a bottom portion of at least one wall of the housing. The tab portion stops the movable base. The coupling mechanism is coupled to the housing to removably attach the apparatus to a three dimensional printer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to material sets, methods and printed articles and container supports. In one example, a material set can include a particulate fusible build material having an average particle size ranging from about 0.01 ?m to about 200 ?m, wherein the particulate fusible build material is a polymer powder, a metal composite powder, or a combination thereof. A fusing ink includes a fusing agent in a first liquid vehicle, wherein the fusing agent fuses the particulate fusible build material when exposed to electromagnetic energy or thermal energy. A binding ink includes a binding agent in a second liquid vehicle, wherein the binding agent temporarily binds the fusible build material when exposed to moderate temperatures ranging from ambient to 150° C.

Abstract: In a three-dimensional printing method example, a liquid functional agent is selectively applied. The liquid functional agent includes an alloying agent. A metallic build material is applied. The liquid functional agent is selectively applied before the metallic build material, after the metallic build material, or both before and after the metallic build material. The liquid functional agent patterns the metallic build material to form a composite layer. At least some of the metallic build material is exposed to energy to melt the at least some of the metallic build material to form a layer. Upon contact or after energy exposure, the alloying agent and the build material alter a composition of the composite layer.

Abstract: In an example implementation, a method of producing a three-dimensional (3D) object includes patterning an unfused 3D object within a work area of a printing platform and stabilizing the unfused 3D object for removal from the work area.

Abstract: In a three-dimensional printing method example, a build material is applied. A first liquid functional material is applied on at least a portion of the build material. The first liquid functional material includes ferromagnetic nanoparticles that are selected from the group consisting of an iron oxide, a ferrite, a combination of the iron oxide and a ferromagnetic metal oxide, and combinations thereof. The build material is exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency ranging from about 5 kHz to about 300 GHz to sinter the portion of the build material in contact with the first liquid functional material.

Abstract: In a three-dimensional printing method example, a liquid functional agent is selectively applied. The liquid functional agent includes i) an energy source material or ii) an energy sink material. A metallic or ceramic build material is applied. The liquid functional agent is selectively applied any of before the metallic or ceramic build material, after the metallic or ceramic build material, or both before and after the metallic or ceramic build material. The liquid functional agent patterns the metallic or ceramic build material to form a composite layer. At least some of the metallic or ceramic build material is exposed to energy. A reaction involving i) the energy source material or ii) the energy sink material is initiated to alter a thermal condition of the composite layer.

Abstract: In a three-dimensional printing method example, build material granules are applied. Each of the build material granules includes uncoated, primary ceramic particles agglomerated together by a binder that is soluble in a primary solvent of a fusing agent. The fusing agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the build material granules. The binder dissolves and a green body including a slurry of the uncoated, ceramic particles is created.

Abstract: A 3D printing system includes a build material and an ink for patterning portions of the build material. The printing system further includes two or more susceptors, a first susceptor and a second susceptor. The first susceptor causes heating when exposed to microwave radiation at a first temperature. The second susceptor causes heating when exposed to microwave radiation at a second temperature. The first susceptor material is decomposable or oxidizable at a third temperature that is higher than the second temperature. The second susceptor is transparent to microwave radiation at the first temperature.

Abstract: In example implementations, a method for extracting layers of build material into a carrier. The method includes providing a layer of build material onto a bed. Portions of the layer of build material on the bed are digitally printed with a liquid functional material (LFM). The method repeats providing the layer of build material and digitally printing without applying energy to the LFM to define a structure in layers of build material on the bed. The layers of build material are extracted into a carrier and the carrier is removed.

Abstract: A stabilizing liquid functional material (SLFM) for 3D printing includes ceramic nanoparticles in an amount ranging from about 0.25% to about 5% by weight based on a total SLFM weight and silica nanoparticles present in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight based on the total SLFM weight. The ceramic nanoparticles have a particle size ranging from about 5 nm to about 50 nm. The silica nanoparticles have a particle size ranging from about 10 nm to about 50 nm. The ceramic nanoparticles and the silica nanoparticles are different in composition and/or morphology. An electromagnetic radiation absorber is present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight based on the total SLFM weight. An organic solvent is present in an amount from about 5% to about 50% by weight based on the total SLFM weight. The SLFM includes a balance of water.