Abstract: A self propelled robotic vehicle that faithfully follows a portable receiver at a defined distance can sense an impending collision with a solid object in its path and stops prior to collision. The vehicle observes objects that are parallel to its course and if within a distance of <200 mm inhibits the steering such that the vehicle is not able to collide even if the receiver instructs a convergence path. The vehicle stops and ceases moving if it contacts any solid object. The vehicle can sense unsafe gradients and ceases following if acceptable operating limits are exceeded. The vehicle can be used as a golf caddy, transport vehicle or cart, robotic pallet and robotic assistant.