Abstract: A method for controlling flight of an aircraft system comprises deriving a liability map using mapping data related to one or more ground hazard categories, wherein each ground hazard category is associated with a type of hazard on a ground surface. The liability map comprises a plurality of risk liability values (L1 and/or L2) associated with the one or more ground hazard categories. The liability map is used to control one or more parameters for controlling flight of the aircraft system.

Abstract: A method for determining a flight path for an aircraft system, for example an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) comprises analysing an intensity map relating to a three dimensional space. The intensity map comprises an array of voxels, each voxel defining a volume in the three dimensional space, and each voxel having a related traffic intensity value based on historical flight data through that voxel. The method comprises determining a probability of an encounter for a preferred flight path between a start point and an end point via one or more voxels in the three dimensional space, based on traffic intensity values of the one or more voxels along the preferred flight path. The preferred flight path is selected if the probability of encounter is less than a first threshold value.

Abstract: A method for controlling flight of an aircraft system comprises deriving a liability map using mapping data related to one or more ground hazard categories, wherein each ground hazard category is associated with a type of hazard on a ground surface. The liability map comprises a plurality of risk liability values (L1 and/or L2) associated with the one or more ground hazard categories. The liability map is used to control one or more parameters for controlling flight of the aircraft system.

Abstract: A method for determining a flight path for an aircraft system, for example an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) comprises analysing an intensity map relating to a three dimensional space. The intensity map comprises an array of voxels, each voxel defining a volume in the three dimensional space, and each voxel having a related traffic intensity value based on historical flight data through that voxel. The method comprises determining a probability of an encounter for a preferred flight path between a start point and an end point via one or more voxels in the three dimensional space, based on traffic intensity values of the one or more voxels along the preferred flight path. The preferred flight path is selected if the probability of encounter is less than a first threshold value.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method of enhancing a fuel value for a used or waste lubricating oil, lubricating oils having improved combustion and emission characteristics, and a business method for distributing and using waste oils as components of primary combustion fuels. In one embodiment, there is provided a lubricating oil composition having improved combustion and emission properties when burned as a used lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor combustion improving amount of a combustion improving additive.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method of enhancing a fuel value for a used or waste lubricating oil, lubricating oils having improved combustion and emission characteristics, and a business method for distributing and using waste oils as components of primary combustion fuels. In one embodiment, there is provided a lubricating oil composition having improved combustion and emission properties when burned as a used lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor combustion improving amount of a combustion improving additive.