Abstract: The spatial relationship of structures within the eye, and more particularly the distance from a surface of the cornea to the posterior of the crystalline lens, or the posterior of the lens capsule and the retina or the cornea and the retina, is determined preoperatively, thus establishing the preoperative anatomical relationships. The distance relationship is reestablished or a new preferred distance relationship is established interoperatively using the same or similar techniques. One or more spacing means are implanted in the lens capsule of a patient at a position adjacent to an implanted posterior chamber intraocular lens following removal of the natural crystalline lens. The one or more spacing means in combination with the intraocular lens produce a desired spatial relationship for the lens capsule which may approximate the spatial relationship of the lens capsule measured prior to removal of said crystalline lens or may be a different preferred relationship.