Abstract: A neuromodulation therapy is delivered via at least one electrode implanted subcutaneously and superficially to a fascia layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. In one example, an implantable medical device is deployed along a superficial surface of a deep fascia tissue layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. Electrical stimulation energy is delivered to the nerve through the deep fascia tissue layer via implantable medical device electrodes.

Abstract: A neuromodulation therapy is delivered via at least one electrode implanted subcutaneously and superficially to a fascia layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. In one example, an implantable medical device is deployed along a superficial surface of a deep fascia tissue layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. Electrical stimulation energy is delivered to the nerve through the deep fascia tissue layer via implantable medical device electrodes.

Abstract: A site light including a body, an arm coupled to the body having an adjustable arm length, a light assembly coupled to the arm opposite the body, and a drive assembly configured to alter the arm length. The drive assembly, in turn, includes a drive wheel mounted for rotation with respect to the body, an idle wheel mounted for rotation with respect to the body, and a biasing member configured to bias the idle wheel toward the drive wheel. The site light also includes a cable coupled to the arm where the cable is positioned between and engaged by both the drive wheel and the idle wheel.

Abstract: Apparatus for powder-free intra-oral 3D imaging by using a projected texture pattern. A projector projects a random texture pattern of light to teeth to be imaged, and a digital image sensor receives the projected texture pattern from the teeth. The reflected pattern of light reflects and scatters from the teeth. The texture pattern can be a grid having clusters of bright and dark blocks in a pseudo-random arrangement and can provide for powder-free intra-oral 3D imaging by using the pattern to optically simulate powder applied to the teeth. Polarizers can be used in the optical path to transmit the directly reflected light to the image sensor and suppress or discard some of the unwanted scattered light.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are configures to measure an eye without contacting the eye with a patient interface, and these measurements are used to determine alignment and placement of the incisions when the patient interface contacts the eye. The pre-contact locations of one or more structures of the eye can be used to determine corresponding post-contact locations of the one or more optical structures of the eye when the patient interface has contacted the eye, such that the laser incisions are placed at locations that promote normal vision of the eye. The incisions are positioned in relation to the pre-contact optical structures of the eye, such as an astigmatic treatment axis, nodal points of the eye, and visual axis of the eye.

Abstract: A calibration assembly may be used with an endoscopic imaging system having a field of view. The calibration assembly may comprise an interface configured for constraining engagement with the endoscopic imaging system and a target coupled with the interface so as to be within the field of view. The target may include a plurality of calibration features. The calibration assembly may be reconfigurable from a first spatial arrangement between the target and the endoscopic imaging system to a second spatial arrangement between the target and the endoscopic imaging system. The calibration assembly may also comprise a processor configured to obtain, from the endoscopic imaging system, first and second images of at least some of the calibration features of the target at the first and second spatial arrangements. The processor may also generate calibration data for the endoscopic imaging system using the first and second images.

Abstract: A medical robotic system includes a viewer, a gaze tracker, and a processor programmed to: draw an area or volume defining shape overlaid on an image based on the tracked gaze point after the user has gazed on the tracked gaze point for a programmed period of time; in response to receiving a user-selected action command, assign a fixed virtual constraint to the area or volume defining shape and constrain movement of a robotic tool; map points of the robotic tool in a tool reference frame to a viewer reference frame; determine a closest object to the tracked gaze point is the robotic tool based at least in part on the mapped points; display an object including text identifying the robotic tool, overlaid on the image, proximate to the robotic tool based on determining the robotic tool is the closest object; and perform an action indicated by the object.

Abstract: A robotic system provides user selectable actions associated with gaze tracking according to user interface types. User initiated correction and/or recalibration of the gaze tracking may be performed during the processing of individual of the user selectable actions.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for a stereo endoscope includes receiving electromagnetic radiation through an inner protective window; focusing the electromagnetic radiation with a left optical component toward a left pixel array of a stereo image sensor along an optical axis of the left optical component parallel with but offset from a center axis of the left pixel array; and focusing the electromagnetic radiation with a right optical component toward a right pixel array of the stereo image sensor along an optical axis of the right optical component parallel with but offset from a center axis of the right pixel array. The left pixel array and the right pixel array are offset from the center optical axis of the stereo endoscope to provide stereo image convergence.

Abstract: An ophthalmic measurement and laser surgery system includes: a laser source; a corneal topography subsystem; an axis determining subsystem; a ranging subsystem comprising an Optical Coherence Tomographer (OCT); and a refractive index determining subsystem. All of the subsystems are under the operative control of a controller. The controller is configure to: operate the corneal topography subsystem to obtain corneal surface information; operate the axis determining subsystem to identify one or more ophthalmic axes of the eye; operate the OCT to sequentially scan the eye in a plurality of OCT scan patterns, the plurality of scan patterns configured to determine an axial length of the eye; operate the refractive index determining subsystem so to determine an index of refraction of one or more ophthalmic tissues, wherein at least one of the corneal surface information, ophthalmic axis information, and axial length is modified based on the determined index of refraction.

Abstract: An incisional instrument and method of use for creating accurate, reproducible surgical incisions. An exemplary embodiment includes an incisional instrument configured for attachment to a patient's eye and for use performing arcuate limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs). The incisional instrument is made up of two coaxial, interconnecting pieces: a docking piece and a cutting piece. The docking piece includes a suction mechanism and is configured for being secured to a patient's eye just outside the corneal limbus. The cutting piece is configured to fit flush within the docking piece and includes cutting blades and one or more handles for rotating the cutting piece relative to the docking piece. When assembled, the cutting blades extend into a patient's eye a desired LRI depth. An embodiment further includes an arcuate guide template with stoppers for providing lateral, arcuate stops for precise cuts in the desired LRI locations.

Abstract: A fiducial is generated on an internal anatomical structure of the eye of a patient with a surgical laser. A toric artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is positioned so that a marker of the toric IOL is in a predetermined positional relationship relative to the fiducial. This positioning aligns the toric IOL with the astigmatic or other axis of the eye. The toric IOL is then implanted in the eye of the patient with high accuracy.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are configures to measure an eye without contacting the eye with a patient interface, and these measurements are used to determine alignment and placement of the incisions when the patient interface contacts the eye. The pre-contact locations of one or more structures of the eye can be used to determine corresponding post-contact locations of the one or more optical structures of the eye when the patient interface has contacted the eye, such that the laser incisions are placed at locations that promote normal vision of the eye. The incisions are positioned in relation to the pre-contact optical structures of the eye, such as an astigmatic treatment axis, nodal points of the eye, and visual axis of the eye.

Abstract: A fiducial is generated on an internal anatomical structure of the eye of a patient with a surgical laser. A toric artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is positioned so that a marker of the toric IOL is in a predetermined positional relationship relative to the fiducial. This positioning aligns the toric IOL with the astigmatic or other axis of the eye. The toric IOL is then implanted in the eye of the patient with high accuracy.

Abstract: A first image of the eye is generated when the cornea of the eye is exposed to a gas. The cornea is covered with an optic of a patient interface. A second image of the eye with the patient interface over the cornea is generated. In this second image, the patient interface distorts the second image of the eye. One or more of a position or an orientation of the eye is determined in response to the first image and the second image when the patient interface has been placed over the cornea.

Abstract: An endoscopic system for sensing one or more characteristics at an environment of a worksite comprises a shaft comprising a proximal end portion and a distal end portion; an electrically active sensor system comprising a sensor positioned to sense at least one characteristic of an environment in which the distal end portion of the shaft is located; an electrical power transmission line electrically coupled to the sensor and extending along the shaft, the electrical power transmission line configured to transmit power to the sensor; and a floating ground element electrically isolated from an earth ground and operably coupled to the electrically active sensor system. An overall capacitance between the electrical power transmission line and the floating ground element is greater than an overall capacitance between the floating ground element and earth ground.

Abstract: A method of cataract surgery in an eye of a patient includes identifying a feature selected from the group consisting of an axis, a meridian, and a structure of an eye by corneal topography and forming fiducial mark incisions with a laser beam along the axis, meridian or structure in the cornea outside the optical zone of the eye. A laser cataract surgery system a laser source, a topography measurement system, an integrated optical subsystem, and a processor in operable communication with the laser source, corneal topography subsystem and the integrated optical system. The processor includes a tangible non-volatile computer readable medium comprising instructions to determine one of an axis, meridian and structure of an eye of the patient based on the measurements received from topography measurement system, and direct the treatment beam so as to incise radial fiducial mark incisions.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system produces a treatment beam that includes a plurality of laser pulses. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) subsystem produces a source beam used to locate one or more structures of an eye. The OCT subsystem is used to sense the distance between a camera objective on the underside of the laser eye surgery system and the patient's eye. Control electronics compare the sensed distance with a pre-determined target distance, and reposition a movable patient support toward or away the camera objective until the sensed distance is at the pre-determined target distance. A subsequent measurement dependent upon the spacing between the camera objective and the patient's eye is performed, such as determining the astigmatic axis by observing the reflection of a plurality of point source LEDs arranged in concentric rings off the eye.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are configures to measure an eye without contacting the eye with a patient interface, and these measurements are used to determine alignment and placement of the incisions when the patient interface contacts the eye. The pre-contact locations of one or more structures of the eye can be used to determine corresponding post-contact locations of the one or more optical structures of the eye when the patient interface has contacted the eye, such that the laser incisions are placed at locations that promote normal vision of the eye. The incisions are positioned in relation to the pre-contact optical structures of the eye, such as an astigmatic treatment axis, nodal points of the eye, and visual axis of the eye.

Abstract: A first image of the eye is generated when the cornea of the eye is exposed to a gas. The cornea is covered with an optic of a patient interface. A second image of the eye with the patient interface over the cornea is generated. In this second image, the patient interface distorts the second image of the eye. One or more of a position or an orientation of the eye is determined in response to the first image and the second image when the patient interface has been placed over the cornea.