Abstract: Methods are disclosed for generating a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a patient during a surgery. In some implementations, the disclosed methods include calculating the target MAP based on the age, biological sex, emergent surgery status, and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status (PS) class of the patient, and a predetermined intraoperative hypotension (IOH) risk benchmark. Treating the patient to maintain a MAP at or above the target MAP during the surgery reduces a risk of IOH during the surgery, a risk of administering an unnecessary therapy to avoid IOH during the surgery; and a risk of not administering a therapeutic MAP-decreasing action during the surgery. In some implementations, the method further comprises conducting the surgery on the patient and treating the patient to maintain the MAP of the patient at or above the target MAP during the surgery. Also provided are systems for implementing the disclosed methods.