Abstract: In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a solvent including a hydrocarbon oligomer with at least 20 carbon atoms, where the hydrocarbon oligomer has at least one of a low viscosity, a low vapor pressure, and a high flashpoint. In another embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a solution including a poly(?-olefin) and a reactive organometallic reagent. In a further embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a solution including an oligomeric hydrocarbon and a reactive organometallic reagent. In an additional embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method for creating a solution, where the method includes adding a reactive organometallic reagent to an oligomeric hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The polymer-supported chelating agent is polyisobutylene having a thiol-thioether terminal group. The polymer-supported chelating agent is made by reaction of the terminal carbon double bond of polyisobutylene with 1,2-ethanedithiol in a one-step click reaction, resulting in PIB functionalized with a thiol-thioether sequestering group. In use, the polymer-supported chelating agent is added to a biphasic solvent system containing a transition metal in solution for removal of the transition metal by liquid/liquid extraction. The transition metal is chelated or sequestered by the chelating agent and removed in a nonpolar organic phase, such as heptane.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides polyisobutylene (PIB) oligomers that are end-functionalized with ruthenium (Ru) catalysts. Such nonpolar catalysts can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents such as heptane, or any other nonpolar solvent that is otherwise not latently biphasic (i.e., if two or more solvent components are present, they remain miscible with each other throughout the entire reaction process, from the addition of substrate through to the removal of product). Substrate that is dissolved in the nonpolar solvent with the catalyst is converted into product. The lower solubility of the product in the nonpolar solvent renders it easily removable, either by extraction with a more polar solvent or by applying physical means in cases where the product precipitates from the nonpolar solvent. In this manner the catalysts are recycled; since the catalysts remain in the nonpolar solvent, a new reaction can be initiated simply by dissolving fresh substrate into the nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides crosslinked amine polymers effective for binding and removing bile salts from the gastrointestinal tract. These bile acid binding polymers or pharmaceutical compositions thereof can be administered to subjects to treat various conditions, including hypercholesteremia, diabetes, pruritus, irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea (IBS-D), bile acid malabsorption, and the like.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides polyisobutylene (PIB) oligomers that are end-functionalized with ruthenium (Ru) catalysts. Such nonpolar catalysts can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents such as heptane, or any other nonpolar solvent that is otherwise not latently biphasic (i.e., if two or more solvent components are present, they remain miscible with each other throughout the entire reaction process, from the addition of substrate through to the removal of product). Substrate that is dissolved in the nonpolar solvent with the catalyst is converted into product. The lower solubility of the product in the nonpolar solvent renders it easily removable, either by extraction with a more polar solvent or by applying physical means in cases where the product precipitates from the nonpolar solvent. In this manner the catalysts are recycled; since the catalysts remain in the nonpolar solvent, a new reaction can be initiated simply by dissolving fresh substrate into the nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides polyisobutylene (PIB) oligormers that are end-functionalized with ruthenium (Ru) catalysts. Such nonpolar catalysts can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents such as heptane, or any other nonpolar solvent that is otherwise not latently biphasic (i.e., if two or more solvent components are present, they remain miscible with each other throughout the entire reaction process, from the addition of substrate through to the removal of product). Substrate that is dissolved in the nonpolar solvent with the catalyst is converted into product. The lower solubility of the product in the nonpolar solvent renders it easily removable, either by extraction with a more polar solvent or by applying physical means in cases where the product precipitates from the nonpolar solvent. In this manner the catalysts are recycled; since the catalysts remain in the nonpolar solvent, a new reaction can be initiated simply by dissolving fresh substrate into the nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides polyisobutylene (PIB) oligormers that are end-functionalized with ruthenium (Ru) catalysts. Such nonpolar catalysts can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents such as heptane, or any other nonpolar solvent that is otherwise not latently biphasic (i.e., if two or more solvent components are present, they remain miscible with each other throughout the entire reaction process, from the addition of substrate through to the removal of product). Substrate that is dissolved in the nonpolar solvent with the catalyst is converted into product. The lower solubility of the product in the nonpolar solvent renders it easily removable, either by extraction with a more polar solvent or by applying physical means in cases where the product precipitates from the nonpolar solvent. In this manner the catalysts are recycled; since the catalysts remain in the nonpolar solvent, a new reaction can be initiated simply by dissolving fresh substrate into the nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: Polymers that undergo a reversible phase change in response to being exposed to a light from a laser having a radiation pressure greater than a threshold level. The phase changeable polymers have the ability to reduce the intensity of the laser and can advantageously scatter laser light incident on the polymers. The on-off response of such polymers is in the microsecond range and the light scattering property is independent of laser wavelength. The polymers can beneficially be incorporated into devices to protect human vision and optical instruments that are vulnerable to lasers at high intensities. Methods for making and using such devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides polyisobutylene (PIB) oligomers that are end-functionalized with ruthenium (Ru) catalysts. Such nonpolar catalysts can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents such as heptane, or any other nonpolar solvent that is otherwise not latently biphasic (i.e., if two or more solvent components are present, they remain miscible with each other throughout the entire reaction process, from the addition of substrate through to the removal of product). Substrate that is dissolved in the nonpolar solvent with the catalyst is converted into product. The lower solubility of the product in the nonpolar solvent renders it easily removable, either by extraction with a more polar solvent or by applying physical means in cases where the product precipitates from the nonpolar solvent. In this manner the catalysts are recycled; since the catalysts remain in the nonpolar solvent, a new reaction can be initiated simply by dissolving fresh substrate into the nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: Phase-selective soluble polymer supports for catalysts are described. The catalysts utilize polystyrene copolymers having enhanced solubility in nonpolar solvents. Other catalysts of the invention utilize polyisobutylene supports. Methods of catalyzing chemical reactions using latent biphasic solvents are also disclosed.

Abstract: Phase-selective soluble polymer supports for catalysts are described. The catalysts utilize polystyrene copolymers having enhanced solubility in nonpolar solvents. Other catalysts of the invention utilize polyisobutylene supports. Methods of catalyzing chemical reactions using latent biphasic solvents are also disclosed.

Abstract: Present invention provides a new class of polymeric materials having utility in the formation of self assembled polymer layers on a pretreated metallic substrate. The polymeric materials are copolymers and terpolymers of styrene and styrenic derivatives containing a reactive group selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, thiol acetoxy, thioacetoxy, thiocyanate, thiolmethyl, thioacetoxymethyl, carboxy, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A new process is provided for the formation of self assembled polymer layers on a pretreated metallic substrate. The polymers used for forming such self assembled layers are homo, co and terpolymers of styrene and styrenic derivatives containing reactive groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, thiol, acetoxy, thioacetoxy, thiocyanate, thiolmethyl, thioacetoxymethyl, carboxy, and mixtures thereof. The pretreated metallic substrate having zerovalent metal or metal oxide surface is contacted with said polymeric solution or dispersion to form self assembled polymer layers on such a metallic substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alternating block copolymer composition useful for enhancing the crystallization of bisphenol-A polycarbonate which comprises the reaction product of a polyoxyalkylene polyamine and poly(ethylene)terephthalate. Also disclosed is a method of synthesizing the alternating block copolymer and a method of using the block copolymer composition in the crystallization of bisphenol-A polycarbonate.