Abstract: A shelter for protecting a person from fire and heat. The shelter has a roof, and front, right, left, and rear walls, each of which having a core made of a three-dimensional metal matrix embedded in insulation with concrete positioned about the walls and the roof. The concrete forming a continuous one-piece concrete layer enveloping the roof, and the walls, down to the base. The concrete layer forming a fire-resistant seal with the base about the walls, and roof which protects the person in the chamber from fire and heat at least more than 600 degrees Fahrenheit for at least 2 hours. A method for protecting a person from fire and heat. A method for building a shelter for protecting a person from fire and heat external to the shelter.

Abstract: A shelter for protecting a person from fire and heat. The shelter has an inner door and an outer door and an outer door. The shelter has a roof, and front, right, left, and rear walls, each of which having a core made of a three-dimensional metal matrix embedded in insulation with concrete positioned about the walls and the roof. The concrete forming a fire-resistant seal with the base about the walls, and roof which protects the person in the chamber from fire and heat at least more than 700 degrees Fahrenheit for at least 4 hours. A method for protecting a person from fire and heat. A method for building a shelter for protecting a person from fire and heat external to the shelter.

Abstract: A shelter for protecting a person from fire and heat. The shelter has a roof, and front, right, left, and rear walls, each of which having a core made of a three-dimensional metal matrix embedded in insulation with concrete positioned about the walls and the roof. The concrete forming a continuous one-piece concrete layer enveloping the roof, and the walls, down to the base. The concrete layer forming a fire-resistant seal with the base about the walls, and roof which protects the person in the chamber from fire and heat at least more than 600 degrees Fahrenheit for at least 2 hours. A method for protecting a person from fire and heat. A method for building a shelter for protecting a person from fire and heat external to the shelter.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a level of gas in a closed environment from a gas supply having a gas sensor for detecting the level of gas in the closed environment. The apparatus has a valve in communication with the gas supply which is automatically opened without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to release gas from the gas supply into the environment when the level of gas in the environment goes below a first predetermined level and which is automatically closed without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to stop gas from being released from the gas supply into the environment when the level of gas in the environment goes above a second predetermined level. A method for controlling a level of gas in a closed environment from a gas supply. A refuge chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a level of oxygen in a closed environment from an oxygen supply having an oxygen sensor for detecting the level of oxygen in the closed environment. The apparatus has a plurality of relays in communication with the sensor. The apparatus has a valve in communication with the relays and the oxygen supply which is automatically opened with the relays without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to release oxygen from the oxygen supply into the environment when the level of oxygen in the environment goes below a first predetermined level and which is automatically closed with the relays without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to stop oxygen from being released from the oxygen supply into the environment when the level of oxygen in the environment goes above a second predetermined level. A method for controlling a level of oxygen in a closed environment from an oxygen supply. A refuge chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a level of oxygen in a closed environment from an oxygen supply having an oxygen sensor for detecting the level of oxygen in the closed environment. The apparatus has a plurality of relays in communication with the sensor. The apparatus has a valve in communication with the relays and the oxygen supply which is automatically opened with the relays without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to release oxygen from the oxygen supply into the environment when the level of oxygen in the environment goes below a first predetermined level and which is automatically closed with the relays without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to stop oxygen from being released from the oxygen supply into the environment when the level of oxygen in the environment goes above a second predetermined level. A method for controlling a level of oxygen in a closed environment from an oxygen supply. A refuge chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a level of oxygen in a closed environment from an oxygen supply having an oxygen sensor for detecting the level of oxygen in the closed environment. The apparatus has a plurality of relays in communication with the sensor. The apparatus has a valve in communication with the relays and the oxygen supply which is automatically opened with the relays without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to release oxygen from the oxygen supply into the environment when the level of oxygen in the environment goes below a first predetermined level and which is automatically closed with the relays without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to stop oxygen from being released from the oxygen supply into the environment when the level of oxygen in the environment goes above a second predetermined level. A method for controlling a level of oxygen in a closed environment from an oxygen supply. A refuge chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a level of oxygen in a closed environment from an oxygen supply having an oxygen sensor for detecting the level of oxygen in the closed environment. The apparatus has a plurality of relays in communication with the sensor. The apparatus has a valve in communication with the relays and the oxygen supply which is automatically opened with the relays without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to release oxygen from the oxygen supply into the environment when the level of oxygen in the environment goes below a first predetermined level and which is automatically closed with the relays without human interaction, monitoring and adjustment to stop oxygen from being released from the oxygen supply into the environment when the level of oxygen in the environment goes above a second predetermined level. A method for controlling a level of oxygen in a closed environment from an oxygen supply. A refuge chamber.