Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing calculations relating to the derivation of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) is provided. Coefficients in the use of deriving LLRs are calculated the calculation being applicable to any one of a plurality of constellation diagrams (PAM, QAM, PSK). The coefficients may be stored in a table of coefficients, the table corresponding to a particular constellation diagram and modulation scheme. A number of tables may be stored, each table corresponding to a particular modulation scheme. The coefficients are related to a symbol estimated to be closest to the received sample and the closest symbol to the estimated symbol having a complementary value for a bit for which the LLR is to be calculated. Certain coefficients or parts of coefficients may be omitted where the corresponding constellation diagram has symmetries.

Abstract: Two versions of the auto-covariance matrix of a received signal are obtained. One version is dependent upon the fraction of the power of a transmission site that goes into the wanted signals and a value is sought for this fraction that produces a good match between the two versions.

Abstract: A method of estimating a symbol that has been transmitted into a channel connecting a modulator for producing modulation symbols and an equaliser, wherein a channel estimate describes said channel and the method comprises: calculating a metric for each of a number of hypotheses of a sequence commencing with the symbol under estimation followed by a number of subsequently transmitted symbols, each symbol in the sequence occupying a respective node of the sequence; and deeming the symbol at the beginning of the hypothesis that has the best metric to be the symbol under estimation; wherein calculating a metric for a given hypothesis comprises: calculating a discrepancy metric at each node of the given hypothesis; and combining the discrepancy metrics of nodes in the given hypothesis to produce the metric; and wherein a discrepancy metric for a given node of a given hypothesis is an assessment of the difference between: a sample received from said channel at a time point corresponding to said given node; and a sa

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides that pre-calculated code words corresponding to possible input bit sequences are stored in a UE, and then a similarity matching operation performed between a received coded bit sequence and the stored code words can be performed to identify that code word which most closely matches to the received sequence. Because the stored code words are associated with the original input bit sequences which produced those code words, by identifying the most closely correlating code word to a received coded sequence, then the input sequence which generated the matching code word can also be identified, and output as the decoder output. In this way, a more efficient decoding operation is obtained as decoding is no longer dependent upon a Viterbi decoding operation and moreover it is no longer necessary to implement a Viterbi decoder, instead merely requiring storage for the pre-calculated code words.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing calculations relating to the derivation of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) is provided. Coefficients in the use of deriving LLRs are calculated the calculation being applicable to any one of a plurality of constellation diagrams (PAM, QAM, PSK). The coefficients may be stored in a table of coefficients, the table corresponding to a particular constellation diagram and modulation scheme. A number of tables may be stored, each table corresponding to a particular modulation scheme. The coefficients are related to a symbol estimated to be closest to the received sample and the closest symbol to the estimated symbol having a complementary value for a bit for which the LLR is to be calculated. Certain coefficients or parts of coefficients may be omitted where the corresponding constellation diagram has symmetries.

Abstract: Two versions of the auto-covariance matrix of a received signal are obtained. One version is dependent upon the fraction of the power of a transmission site that goes into the wanted signals and a value is sought for this fraction that produces a good match between the two versions.

Abstract: A method of estimating a symbol that has been transmitted into a channel connecting a modulator for producing modulation symbols and an equaliser, wherein a channel estimate describes said channel and the method comprises: calculating a metric for each of a number of hypotheses of a sequence commencing with the symbol under estimation followed by a number of subsequently transmitted symbols, each symbol in the sequence occupying a respective node of the sequence; and deeming the symbol at the beginning of the hypothesis that has the best metric to be the symbol under estimation; wherein calculating a metric for a given hypothesis comprises: calculating a discrepancy metric at each node of the given hypothesis; and combining the discrepancy metrics of nodes in the given hypothesis to produce the metric; and wherein a discrepancy metric for a given node of a given hypothesis is an assessment of the difference between: a sample received from said channel at a time point corresponding to said given node; and a sa