Abstract: Methods of printing a three-dimensional object using co-reactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for three-dimensional printing are also disclosed.

Abstract: A radiance source includes a housing having an interior wall, wherein at least a spherical portion of the interior wall of the housing is spherical, an interior volume, and an exit port. A light source is disposed within the interior volume of the housing. A calibration structure blocks and reflects a light ray that would otherwise travel directly from the light source to the exit port without reflecting from the interior wall. The calibration structure has a calibration body having a curved back surface facing the light source and a curved front surface facing the exit port. There is an optically diffuse, lambertian reflecting surface on at least the spherical portion of the interior wall of the housing, the back surface of the calibration body, and the front surface of the calibration body.

Abstract: A radiance source includes a housing having an interior wall, wherein at least a spherical portion of the interior wall of the housing is spherical, an interior volume, and an exit port. A light source is disposed within the interior volume of the housing. A calibration structure blocks and reflects a light ray that would otherwise travel directly from the light source to the exit port without reflecting from the interior wall. The calibration structure has a calibration body having a curved back surface facing the light source and a curved front surface facing the exit port. There is an optically diffuse, lambertian reflecting surface on at least the spherical portion of the interior wall of the housing, the back surface of the calibration body, and the front surface of the calibration body.

Abstract: A concentrator including a volume of at least partially transmissive material and a plurality of facets disposed at at least one surface thereof. Each of the facets is disposed at a position dependent angle relative to the surface effective to cause an internal reflection of energy applied to the layer whereby the density of the applied energy varies as a function of position. In the illustrative implementation, the volume is an active medium, i.e., a slab. The slab has substantially parallel, planar upper and lower surfaces and first and second edges therebetween. A plurality of cladding layers are disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the slab. The facets are provided in the cladding layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the slab and angled as a function of distance relative to the first or the second edge. The facets provide a Fresnel reflecting surface or a binary optic surface.

Abstract: A concentrator including a volume of at least partially transmissive material and a plurality of facets disposed at at least one surface thereof. Each of the facets is disposed at a position dependent angle relative to the surface effective to cause an internal reflection of energy applied to the layer whereby the density of the applied energy varies as a function of position. In the illustrative implementation, the volume is an active medium, i.e., a slab. The slab has substantially parallel, planar upper and lower surfaces and first and second edges therebetween. A plurality of cladding layers are disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the slab. The facets are provided in the cladding layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the slab and angled as a function of distance relative to the first or the second edge. The facets provide a Fresnel reflecting surface or a binary optic surface.

Abstract: A system (100) for determining particle contamination on optical surfaces (112, 114, 116) includes a detector array (118) and a non-coherent light source (110) that illuminates the detector array with non-coherent light reflected or refracted by the optical surfaces. Processing equipment (134) identifies shadows (302, 402, 502) on the detector array which are indicative of particle contamination of the optical surfaces. A light source controller (130) moves the non-coherent light source resulting in movement of the shadows on the detector array. The processing equipment distinguishes shadows caused by particle contamination on a first of the optical surfaces (112) from shadows caused by particle contamination on the other optical surfaces (114, 116) based on the movement of the shadows. The system also includes a particle contamination level analyzer (128) to estimate a particle contamination level for each optical surface from contrast levels of the shadows identified for each optical surface.