Abstract: Techniques, apparatuses and systems for providing communications based on time reversal of a channel impulse response of a pulse in a transmission channel between a transmitter and a receiver to enhance reception and detection of a pulse at the receiver against various effects that can adversely affect and complicate the reception and detection of the pulse at the receiver.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatuses and systems for providing communications based on time reversal of a channel impulse response of a pulse in a transmission channel between a transmitter and a receiver to enhance reception and detection of a pulse at the receiver against various effects that can adversely affect and complicate the reception and detection of the pulse at the receiver.

Abstract: An optical system with a first and second network tiers. The first network tier includes a plurality of major nodes optically interconnected by at least one transmission path. The second network tier includes a plurality of minor nodes disposed along the transmission path and the minor nodes are connected to at least one of the major nodes. The minor node is configured to transmit all traffic to an adjacent major node, and the major nodes are configured to transmit to and receive information from other major nodes and minor nodes on transmission paths connected to the major node.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems to provide carrier signal transmission in reciprocal transmission architecture networks for optical communications.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems to provide packet transmission in reciprocal transmission architecture networks for optical communications.

Abstract: A floor tile for use in a flooring system comprises an upper surface operable for use as a portion of a flooring installation and a support lattice operable to support the upper surface. The support lattice includes a plurality of support members extending downwardly from an underside of the upper surface and terminating in lower sections collectively defining a subfloor contact profile and a plurality of interconnecting members laterally interconnecting two or more of the support members. At least some of the plurality of support members extend downwardly at an oblique angle to the upper surface.

Abstract: An optical system with a first and second network tiers. The first network tier includes a plurality of major nodes optically interconnected by at least one transmission path. The second network tier includes a plurality of minor nodes disposed along the transmission path and the minor nodes are connected to at least one of the major nodes. The minor node is configured to transmit all traffic to an adjacent major node, and the major nodes are configured to transmit to and receive information from other major nodes and minor nodes on transmission paths connected to the major node.

Abstract: An optical system with a first and second network tiers. The first network tier includes a plurality of major nodes optically interconnected by at least one transmission path. The second network tier includes a plurality of minor nodes disposed along the transmission path and the minor nodes are connected to at least one of the major nodes. The minor node is configured to transmit all traffic to an adjacent major node, and the major nodes are configured to transmit to and receive information from other major nodes and minor nodes on transmission paths connected to the major node.

Abstract: A flooring system configured to accommodate sports play and other activities, wherein the flooring system comprises a support base having a synthetic component, such as a synthetic support structure, wherein the support base is configured to provide a support surface for receiving and supporting a flooring configuration. The support base may further comprise a filler material operable with the synthetic support component, wherein the synthetic support component is integrated into the filler material.

Abstract: A method for transmitting traffic in an optical communication system comprising separating the input traffic into a plurality of data signals, parameter encoding the data signals, transmitting each of the data signals on a separate optical channel, receiving the data signals on the channels, parameter decoding the data signals, and combining the plurality of data signals from the channels into output traffic corresponding to the input traffic.

Abstract: Optical transmission systems including a plurality of optical amplifiers configured to provide optical amplification of one or more information carrying optical signal wavelengths. At least two of the optical amplifiers are operated to provide net losses or net gains along corresponding spans, while the cumulative gain provided by the plurality of optical amplifiers substantially compensates for the cumulative loss of the spans.

Abstract: A method of transmitting an optical communications signal, comprising receiving a first signal, encoding the signal with a differential or duobinary encoding scheme, encoding the signal with an oscillating signal component, and sub-carrier modulating the signal onto a sub-carrier of an optical carrier signal. The invention also relates to corresponding systems and apparatuses.

Abstract: Optical transmission systems including a plurality of optical amplifiers configured to provide optical amplification of one or more information carrying optical signal wavelengths. At least two of the optical amplifiers are operated to provide net losses or net gains along corresponding spans, while the cumulative gain provided by the plurality of optical amplifiers substantially compensates for the cumulative loss of the spans.

Abstract: Optical transmission systems of the present invention include a plurality of optical amplifiers configured to provide optical amplification of one or more information carrying optical signal wavelengths. At least two of the optical amplifier are operated to provide net losses or net gains along corresponding spans, while the cumulative gain provided by the plurality of optical amplifiers substantially compensates for the cumulative loss of the spans.

Abstract: An optical transmission system including at least one optical transmitter configured to transmit at least one signal wavelength and a tuning wavelength, an optical receiver including an optical filter having a filter bandwidth including the at least one signal wavelength and a percentage of the tuning wavelength and an optical to electrical signal converter configured to receive the at least one signal wavelength from said filter, a first tuning optical to electrical converter configured to receive a first portion of the tuning wavelength stopped by said filter, a second tuning optical to electrical converter configured to receive a second portion of the tuning wavelength passed by said filter, and a filter controller configured to tune the filter bandwidth based on the relative proportion of first and second portions of the tuning wavelength provided to the first and second tuning optical to electrical converters.

Abstract: An optical transmission system including at least one optical transmitter configured to transmit at least one signal wavelength and a tuning wavelength, an optical receiver including an optical filter having a filter bandwidth including the at least one signal wavelength and a percentage of the tuning wavelength and an optical to electrical signal converter configured to receive the at least one signal wavelength from said filter, a first tuning optical to electrical converter configured to receive a first portion of the tuning wavelength stopped by said filter, a second tuning optical to electrical converter configured to receive a second portion of the tuning wavelength passed by said filter, and a filter controller configured to tune the filter bandwidth based on the relative proportion of first and second portions of the tuning wavelength provided to the first and second tuning optical to electrical converters.

Abstract: Optical transmission systems of the present invention include a plurality of optical amplifiers configured to provide optical amplification of one or more information carrying optical signal wavelengths. At least two of the optical amplifier are operated to provide net losses or net gains along corresponding spans, while the cumulative gain provided by the plurality of optical amplifiers substantially compensates for the cumulative loss of the spans.

Abstract: An optical transmission system including at least one optical transmitter configured to transmit at least one signal wavelength and a tuning wavelength, an optical receiver including an optical filter having a filter bandwidth including the at least one signal wavelength and a percentage of the tuning wavelength and an optical to electrical signal converter configured to receive the at least one signal wavelength from said filter, a first tuning optical to electrical converter configured to receive a first portion of the tuning wavelength stopped by said filter, a second tuning optical to electrical converter configured to receive a second portion of the tuning wavelength passed by said filter, and a filter controller configured to tune the filter bandwidth based on the relative proportion of first and second portions of the tuning wavelength provided to the first and second tuning optical to electrical converters.

Abstract: An inoculation device and method are provided. The device includes a hypodermic syringe with a hollow needle that is positioned to inject a small animal in its abdominal area with an inoculant. A work platform supports the animal during inoculation in a back down, face up orientation. Air flow sensing activation means is positioned adjacent a portion of the animal. When the animal is moved into contact with the activation means, drive means connected to the hypodermic syringe moves the needle forward to penetrate the animal after which the inoculant is injected.

Abstract: An inoculation device and method are provided. The device includes a hypodermic syringe with a hollow needle that is positioned to inject a small animal in its abdominal area with an inoculant. A work platform supports the animal during inoculation in a back down, face up orientation. Air flow sensing activation mechanism is positioned adjacent a portion of the animal. When the animal is moved into contact with the activation mechanism, drive connected to the hypodermic syringe moves the needle forward to penetrate the animal after which the inoculant is injected.