Abstract: A spacer has an elongated body having a first end and a second end that are spaced along a longitudinal axis. The elongated body has a first side and an opposed second side that are spaced along a transverse axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and a third side and an opposed fourth side that are spaced along a thickness axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis. At least one channel extends into the elongated body from the third side of the elongated body and toward the fourth side of the elongated body. The at least one channel extends along the transverse axis from the first side to the second side of the elongated body. Each channel has opposed ends each having a width, and a neck between the opposed ends. The neck is narrower than the width of each of the opposed ends.

Abstract: Cancer immunotherapy has achieved immense clinical success with long survival even in the most difficult to treat cancer. Yet this effect is only observed in a minority and there are no biomarkers of this response. The methods described herein reduce immunosenescence, improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes, vaccination outcomes, and/or treatment of infectious diseases using two independent measures of systemic chronic inflammation (the inflammatory age—iAge—and cytokine response score—CRS) to stratify patients into responders versus non-responders to cancer immunotherapy, vaccination, and/or anti-pathogen therapies. The iAge personalized immune proteome signature creates an individualized initial therapy to reduce iAge and to convert nonresponders patients into responders prior to treatment. Nonresponders can be converted to responders by treating the patients to reduce their iAge and improve their CRS.

Abstract: The compounds and methods described herein can improve iAge (Inflammatory Age) of patients with a specific immunotype. For example, a patients iAge can be moved into a responders cohort from a non-responders cohort for an immunotherapy. The compounds and methods described herein can also improve cardiovascular patient outcomes using cAge to stratify CVD patients into risk cohorts for therapy and monitoring. Higher risk CVD patients can be converted to lower risk patients by treating the patients with molecules that reduce their cAge.

Abstract: The methods and compositions described herein improve cardiovascular outcomes using measures related to systemic chronic inflammation (the inflammatory age—iAge, the cardiovascular age—cAge, and levels of certain markers) to stratify patients into low risk and high risk groups. The personalized immune proteome signature creates an individualized initial therapy to reduce cAge and to convert high risk patients into low risk patients. High risk patients can be converted to low risk patients by treating the patients to reduce their cAge, iAge and/or improve their CRS.

Abstract: The methods and compositions described herein improve cardiovascular outcomes using measures related to systemic chronic inflammation (the inflammatory age—iAge, the cardiovascular age—cAge, and levels of certain markers) to stratify patients into low risk and high risk groups. The personalized immune proteome signature creates an individualized initial therapy to reduce cAge and to convert high risk patients into low risk patients. High risk patients can be converted to low risk patients by treating the patients to reduce their cAge, iAge and/or improve their CRS.

Abstract: The compounds and methods described herein can improve iAge (Inflammatory Age) of patients with a specific immunotype. For example, a patients iAge can be moved into a responders cohort from a non-responders cohort for an immunotherapy. The compounds and methods described herein can also improve cardiovascular patient outcomes using cAge to stratify CVD patients into risk cohorts for therapy and monitoring. Higher risk CVD patients can be converted to lower risk patients by treating the patients with molecules that reduce their cAge.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for measuring the levels of chronic inflammaging (SCI) of a subject. In some embodiments, the method may comprise measuring the amount of two or more of the proteins CXCL9, TRAIL, IFNG, EOTAXIN and GROA in a sample (e.g., blood serum) from the subject calculating a score based on the weighted amounts of each of those proteins.

Abstract: The methods and compositions described herein improve cardiovascular outcomes using measures related to systemic chronic inflammation (the inflammatory age—iAge, the cardiovascular age—cAge, and levels of certain markers) to stratify patients into low risk and high risk groups. The personalized immune proteome signature creates an individualized initial therapy to reduce cAge and to convert high risk patients into low risk patients. High risk patients can be converted to low risk patients by treating the patients to reduce their cAge, iAge and/or improve their CRS.

Abstract: Cancer immunotherapy has achieved immense clinical success with long survival even in the most difficult to treat cancer. Yet this effect is only observed in a minority and there are no biomarkers of this response. The methods described herein improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes using two independent measures of systemic chronic inflammation (the inflammatory age—iAge—and cytokine response score—CRS) to stratify cancer patients into responders versus non-responders to cancer immunotherapy. The iAge personalized immune proteome signature creates an individualized initial therapy to reduce iAge and to convert non-responders patients into responders prior to treatment. Nonresponders can be converted to responders by treating the patients to reduce their iAge and improve their CRS.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide diagnostic markers of immunosenescence and methods of identifying individuals with impaired immune function based on a combination of such markers obtained from various analyzes, primarily from blood, testing immune function including the analysis of immune cell subset frequencies, gene expression, cytokine and chemokine levels, and signaling responses to stimulation with cytokines (‘cytokine response’). Particular combinations of markers can predict with high accuracy whether an individual will respond to active vaccination and become protected against recurring diseases.

Abstract: A method for advertising in a restroom is shown and described. The method includes the use of a three-dimensional advertisement article which may attach to a wall above a urinal and at least partly cover the urinal. The advertisement article may resemble a container, perhaps a bottle or can, for a product, which may be beer or a soft drink, being advertised.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide diagnostic markers of immunosenescence and methods of identifying individuals with impaired immune function based on a combination of such markers obtained from various analyses, primarily from blood, testing immune function including the analysis of immune cell subset frequencies, gene expression, cytokine and chemokine levels, and signaling responses to stimulation with cytokines (‘cytokine response’). Particular combinations of markers can predict with high accuracy whether an individual will respond to active vaccination and become protected against recurring diseases.

Abstract: A method for advertising in a restroom is shown and described. The method includes the use of a three-dimensional advertisement article which may attach to a wall above a urinal and at least partly cover the urinal. The advertisement article may resemble a container, perhaps a bottle or can, for a product, which may be beer or a soft drink, being advertised.

Abstract: A method for advertising in a restroom is shown and described. The method includes the use of a three-dimensional advertisement article which may attach to a wall above a urinal and at least partly cover the urinal. The advertisement article may resemble a container, perhaps a bottle or can, for a product, which may be beer or a soft drink, being advertised.