Abstract: In various embodiments, sputtering targets are formed by introducing molybdenum powder into a sheet bar mold, pressing the powder to form a sheet bar, sintering the sheet bar to form an ingot having a density of at least 90% of a theoretical density, preheating the ingot, rolling the ingot to form a plate, and heat treating the plate.

Abstract: In various embodiments, sputtering targets are formed by introducing molybdenum powder into a sheet bar mold, pressing the powder to form a sheet bar, sintering the sheet bar to form an ingot having a density of at least 90% of a theoretical density, preheating the ingot, rolling the ingot to form a plate, and heat treating the plate.

Abstract: In various embodiments, tubular sputtering targets comprising molybdenum are provided and sputtered to produce thin films comprising molybdenum. The sputtering targets may be formed by forming a tubular billet having an inner diameter IDI and an outer diameter ODI, the formation comprising pressing molybdenum powder in a mold and sintering the pressed molybdenum powder, working the tubular billet to form a worked billet having an outer diameter ODf smaller than ODI, and heat treating the worked billet. The sputtering targets may have a substantially uniform texture of (a) a 110 orientation parallel to a longitudinal direction and (b) a 111 orientation parallel to a radial direction.

Abstract: In various embodiments, tubular sputtering targets comprising molybdenum are provided and sputtered to produce thin films comprising molybdenum. The sputtering targets may be formed by forming a tubular billet having an inner diameter IDI and an outer diameter ODI, the formation comprising pressing molybdenum powder in a mold and sintering the pressed molybdenum powder, working the tubular billet to form a worked billet having an outer diameter ODf smaller than ODI, and heat treating the worked billet. The sputtering targets may have a substantially uniform texture of (a) a 110 orientation parallel to a longitudinal direction and (b) a 111 orientation parallel to a radial direction.

Abstract: In various embodiments, planar sputtering targets are produced by forming a billet at least by pressing molybdenum powder in a mold and sintering the pressed powder, working the billet to form a worked billet, heat treating the worked billet, working the worked billet to form a final billet, and heat treating the final billet.

Abstract: A system for handling files containing digitized images, such as digitized bank checks. Four digitized image-files are obtained for each check: front and back at the beginning of a process, and front and back at the end of the process. Four digital signatures are generated, one for each image-file. The four image-files are to be consolidated into a single composite file. However, for technical reasons, the content of the image-files must be altered somewhat. Thus, if the image-files are later extracted from the composite file, the extracted files will not correspond to the original image-files, and will produce different digital signatures. The invention allows the original image-files to be accurately extracted from the composite file.

Abstract: A modified multi-page TIFF file. A Tagged Image Format File (TIFF) conforms to a published standard. The TIFF file contains an initial header, which contains a pointer to another header, which points both to (1) the first graphical image and (2) a second header. The second header points to both (1) the second image and (2) a third header, and so on. The headers allow a TIFF reader to locate any selected graphic image, and display it. The invention interleaves auxiliary information within the TIFF file, for example, between a header and a graphical image. The auxiliary information does not interfere with the TIFF reader, and the TIFF reader does not detect the auxiliary information.