Abstract: A joystick assembly for a working machine having a working arm includes a controller configured to control a plurality of machine functions, a first electronic joystick in communication with the controller, and actuators in communication with the controller. Each actuator is configured to actuate a function associated with the working arm. The first electronic joystick comprises four axes of movement, and the first electronic joystick is configured to transmit electronic signals to the controller in response to being displaced along an axis from a neutral position. The controller is configured to receive the electronic signals from the first electronic joystick, and to transmit an electrical signal to one or more actuators to actuate the actuators. The joystick assembly is configured such that the controller actuates a different actuator for controlling a different function associated with the working arm, dependent upon the axis of displacement of the first electronic joystick.

Abstract: A working machine has a body and a moveable element. The moveable element is moveable relative to the body. A camera captures an image of at least a portion of the moveable element. A processor executes a machine learning algorithm trained to determine a position of a moveable element from an image of the moveable element. The machine learning algorithm receives the image from the camera and determines the position of the moveable element in the image.

Abstract: A training machine to generate training data for supervised machine learning. The training machine is a working machine with a camera, a sensor, a body, and a moveable element moveable relative to the body. Training data is generated by capturing images, using the camera of at least a portion of the moveable element; and determining, using the sensor, sensor data which indicates the position of the moveable element in the image. The training data is used to train a machine learning algorithm to determine a position of a moveable element based on an image of at least a portion of the moveable element, without the need for corresponding sensor data.

Abstract: A training machine to generate training data for supervised machine learning. The training machine is a working machine with a camera, a sensor, a body, and a moveable element moveable relative to the body. Training data is generated by capturing images, using the camera of at least a portion of the moveable element; and determining, using the sensor, sensor data which indicates the position of the moveable element in the image. The training data is used to train a machine learning algorithm to determine a position of a moveable element based on an image of at least a portion of the moveable element, without the need for corresponding sensor data.

Abstract: A working machine has a body and a moveable element. The moveable element is moveable relative to the body. A camera captures an image of at least a portion of the moveable element. A processor executes a machine learning algorithm trained to determine a position of a moveable element from an image of the moveable element. The machine learning algorithm receives the image from the camera and determines the position of the moveable element in the image.

Abstract: A joystick assembly for a working machine having a working arm includes a controller configured to control a plurality of machine functions, a first electronic joystick in communication with the controller, and actuators in communication with the controller. Each actuator is configured to actuate a function associated with the working arm. The first electronic joystick comprises four axes of movement, and the first electronic joystick is configured to transmit electronic signals to the controller in response to being displaced along an axis from a neutral position. The controller is configured to receive the electronic signals from the first electronic joystick, and to transmit an electrical signal to one or more actuators to actuate the actuators. The joystick assembly is configured such that the controller actuates a different actuator for controlling a different function associated with the working arm, dependent upon the axis of displacement of the first electronic joystick.