Abstract: A system and a method for displaying an emitter location are disclosed. The system includes a plurality of receivers at different locations in a field. Each receiver generates a receiver signal that depends on the magnitude of a signal from the emitter. The system also includes a processor that receives the receiver signal and generates a likelihood map indicative of an approximation of a probability as a function of position in the field of the emitter location. The likelihood map includes a plurality of receiver maps. Each receiver map includes a probability as a function of position in the field of the emitter location based on the signal magnitude for at least one of the receiver signals. Each receiver map may depend on a ratio of the signal magnitudes from a corresponding pair of the receivers, or on one of the signal magnitudes from a corresponding one of the receivers.

Abstract: A system and a method for displaying an emitter location are disclosed. The system includes a plurality of receivers at different locations in a field. Each receiver generates a receiver signal that depends on the magnitude of a signal from the emitter. The system also includes a processor that receives the receiver signal and generates a likelihood map indicative of an approximation of a probability as a function of position in the field of the emitter location. The likelihood map includes a plurality of receiver maps. Each receiver map includes a probability as a function of position in the field of the emitter location based on the signal magnitude for at least one of the receiver signals. Each receiver map may depend on a ratio of the signal magnitudes from a corresponding pair of the receivers, or on one of the signal magnitudes from a corresponding one of the receivers.

Abstract: A system and method for performing auto-focusing operations for tomosynthetic reconstruction of images are provided. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for efficiently computing the gradient of one or more depth layers of an object under inspection, wherein such gradients may be used in performing auto-focusing operations to determine a depth layer that includes an in-focus view of a feature that is of interest. In at least one embodiment, a method is provided that comprises capturing detector image data for an object under inspection, and using the detector image data for computing gradient information for at least one depth layer of the object under inspection without first tomosynthetically reconstructing a full image of the at least one depth layer.

Abstract: A method and system for correcting positioning errors in a feature projected image set comprising projections of an object under inspection includes identifying at least one region of interest in at least one respective projection from the feature projected image set that substantially corresponds to a corresponding region of interest in a reconstructed image generated based on the feature projected image set, and estimating a respective corrective shift corresponding to the at least one respective projection and applying the respective corrective shift to generate a corresponding at least one corrected respective projection wherein the identified at least one region of interest in the corresponding at least one corrected respective projection is substantially coincident with the corresponding region of interest the reconstructed image. A corrected reconstructed image may then be generated using the at least one corrected respective projection.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an electro-absorption modulator including an optical waveguide and a microwave waveguide. The microwave waveguide is electromagnetically coupled to the optical waveguide. The optical waveguide includes a quantum well region and a substantially sinusoidal structure. The waveguide mode of the optical waveguide is responsive to the substantially sinusoidal structure.

Abstract: A method of analyzing image data to determine an appropriate resolution level for image to be generated from the image data. In the method image data can be analyzed to determine a high frequency noise quality and a low frequency noise quality in the image data. These different noise qualities can be used to determine an appropriate resolution for an image to be generated. An apparatus which can execute a method of the invention, is also provided.

Abstract: A tomographic reconstruction method and system incorporating Bayesian estimation techniques to inspect and classify regions of imaged objects, especially objects of the type typically found in linear, areal, or 3-dimensional arrays. The method and system requires a highly constrained model M that incorporates prior information about the object or objects to be imaged, a set of prior probabilities P(M) of possible instances of the object; a forward map that calculates the probability density P(D|M), and a set of projections D of the object. Using Bayesian estimation, the posterior probability p(M|D) is calculated and an estimated model MEST of the imaged object is generated. Classification of the imaged object into one of a plurality of classifications may be performed based on the estimated model MEST, the posterior probability p(M|D) or MAP function, or calculated expectation values of features of interest of the object.

Abstract: Optical switches and optical switching methods are provided. One such optical switch includes a waveguide located in a substrate that is at least partially of a non-linear optical material, the waveguide structured to receive an input optical signal, a grating located at least partially in the non-linear optical material, and a first output port optically aligned to a first radiative mode of the grating. The grating exhibits a first radiative mode corresponding to a first intensity of the input optical signal, and a second radiative mode corresponding to a second intensity of the input optical signal. The optical switch may further include a second output port optically aligned to the second radiative mode.

Abstract: Optical systems and methods for optical wavelength conversion are provided. One such exemplary optical system includes a waveguide located in a substrate at least partially of a non-linear optical material, the waveguide structured to receive a continuous-wave optical signal. Also included is a grating located at least partially in the non-linear optical material section of the waveguide. The grating has a period “d,” and the waveguide produces a photonic bandgap when a forward propagating state of photonic energy of the continuous wave signal is separated from a backward propagating state of photonic energy of the continuous wave optical signal by a wavenumber (kz) equal to (2?/d), at a first photonic energy level in the waveguide.

Abstract: A tomographic reconstruction method and system incorporating Bayesian estimation techniques to inspect and classify regions of imaged objects, especially objects of the type typically found in linear, areal, or 3-dimensional arrays. The method and system requires a highly constrained model M that incorporates prior information about the object or objects to be imaged, a set of prior probabilities P(M) of possible instances of the object; a forward map that calculates the probability density P(D|M), and a set of projections D of the object. Using Bayesian estimation, the posterior probability p(M|D) is calculated and an estimated model MEST of the imaged object is generated. Classification of the imaged object into one of a plurality of classifications may be performed based on the estimated model MEST, the posterior probability p(M|D) or MAP function, or calculated expectation values of features of interest of the object.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an electro-absorption modulator including an optical waveguide and a microwave waveguide. The microwave waveguide is electromagnetically coupled to the optical waveguide. The optical waveguide includes a quantum well region and a substantially sinusoidal structure. The waveguide mode of the optical waveguide is responsive to the substantially sinusoidal structure.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for velocity matching an optical signal propagating in a traveling-wave optical modulator with a modulating signal. The optical signal and the modulating signal are propagated at an angle greater than zero degrees with respect to one another to adjust a path length of at least one of the signals relative to the other of the signals.

Abstract: A system and method for performing auto-focusing operations for tomosynthetic reconstruction of images are provided. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for efficiently computing the gradient of one or more depth layers of an object under inspection, wherein such gradients may be used in performing auto-focusing operations to determine a depth layer that includes an in-focus view of a feature that is of interest. In at least one embodiment, a method is provided that comprises capturing detector image data for an object under inspection, and using the detector image data for computing gradient information for at least one depth layer of the object under inspection without first tomosynthetically reconstructing a full image of the at least one depth layer.

Abstract: A method for power plane splitting. The method enables the traces on a power plane to be organized so that the conductor area is expanded while still ensuring that components with similar power supply requirements are coupled to the same trace. A potential field of a power plane of a printed circuit board is calculated by assigning one or more potential values to one or more components coupled to the printed circuit board and solving for a plurality of potential field values at a plurality of locations between the one or more components. One or more boundaries between the one or more components are defined by selecting contours of constant potential within the calculated potential field. One or more traces on the power plane are created using the one or more boundaries, wherein the one or more traces connect a corresponding one or more pluralities of components and each plurality of components of the one or more.

Abstract: A method for power plane splitting. The method enables the traces on a power plane to be organized so that the conductor area is expanded while still ensuring that components with similar power supply requirements are coupled to the same trace. A potential field of a power plane of a printed circuit board is calculated by assigning one or more potential values to one or more components coupled to the printed circuit board and solving for a plurality of potential field values at a plurality of locations between the one or more components. One or more boundaries between the one or more components are defined by selecting contours of constant potential within the calculated potential field. One or more traces on the power plane are created using the one or more boundaries, wherein the one or more traces connect a corresponding one or more pluralities of components and each plurality of components of the one or more.

Abstract: Optical systems and methods for optical wavelength conversion are provided. One such optical system includes a waveguide located in a substrate at least partially of a non-linear optical material, the waveguide structured to receive a continuous-wave optical signal, a grating located at least partially in the non-linear optical material section of the waveguide, the grating structured to receive an input optical signal, and an output port optically aligned to receive the continuous wave optical signal propagated through the grating when the input optical signal is incident on the grating. The optical system incorporates a grating with a period “d,” and the waveguide produces a photonic bandgap when a forward propagating state of photonic energy of the continuous wave signal is separated from a backward propagating state of photonic energy of the continuous wave optical signal by a wavenumber (kZ) equal to (2&pgr;/d), at a first photonic energy level in the waveguide.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for velocity matching an optical signal propagating in a traveling-wave optical modulator with a modulating signal. The optical signal and the modulating signal are propagated at an angle greater than zero degrees with respect to one another to adjust a path length of at least one of the signals relative to the other of the signals.

Abstract: Optical switches and optical switching methods are provided. One such optical switch includes a waveguide located in a substrate that is at least partially of a non-linear optical material, the waveguide structured to receive an input optical signal, a grating located at least partially in the non-linear optical material, and a first output port optically aligned to a first radiative mode of the grating. The grating exhibits a first radiative mode corresponding to a first intensity of the input optical signal, and a second radiative mode corresponding to a second intensity of the input optical signal. The optical switch may further include a second output port optically aligned to the second radiative mode.