Abstract: A system for detecting humidity level at a cathode of a fuel cell stack including one or more PEMFCs and determining a flooding probability of the stack based on the humidity level, includes a stack including a plurality of PEMFCs, each PEMFC including an exhaust; voltage detector; humidity detector; and controller. The controller may be configured to: receive a voltage as measured at an anode of one or more of the PEMFCs with the voltage detector; determine a humidity level at the exhaust of the one or more of the PEMFCs; and implement one or more actions based on the voltage and the humidity level, the actions including: reduce a load on the PEMFC; increase an air flow at a cathode of the one or more PEMFCs; decrease an inlet humidity at an inlet to the one or more PEMFCs; or increase a temperature of the one or more PEMFCs.

Abstract: The transportation of captured carbon from production sites to a destination at which it can be stored or used traditionally requires the carbon to be carried into a tanker truck for road transport, which is costly. Disclosed embodiments eliminate or reduce this cost by compressing the captured carbon into an existing natural gas pipeline. The existing network of pipelines can then be used to transport the captured carbon to a distant destination, while potentially picking up additional captured carbon along the way. In addition, a portion of the captured carbon at each production site may be redirected back to the engine of the compressor to enable higher power density and prevent knocking.

Abstract: A system for detecting humidity level at a cathode of a fuel cell stack including one or more PEMFCs and determining a flooding probability of the stack based on the humidity level, includes a stack including a plurality of PEMFCs, each PEMFC including an exhaust; voltage detector; humidity detector; and controller. The controller may be configured to: receive a voltage as measured at an anode of one or more of the PEMFCs with the voltage detector; determine a humidity level at the exhaust of the one or more of the PEMFCs; and implement one or more actions based on the voltage and the humidity level, the actions including: reduce a load on the PEMFC; increase an air flow at a cathode of the one or more PEMFCs; decrease an inlet humidity at an inlet to the one or more PEMFCs; or increase a temperature of the one or more PEMFCs.

Abstract: Operating an engine system includes feeding a flow of exhaust to a turbine in a turbocharger, receiving a load step request, and increasing a speed of rotation of the turbocharger based on an increase in a fueling rate initiated in response to the load step request. Operating the engine system further includes limiting dissipation of heat energy of the flow of exhaust to the turbine to hasten an increase in the speed of rotation of the turbocharger, and increasing dissipation of heat energy from the flow of exhaust after satisfaction of the load step request. Varying of the dissipation of heat energy can be achieved by displacing an insulating fluid in the exhaust manifold with a heat exchange fluid such as water and/or engine coolant.

Abstract: Operating an engine system includes feeding a flow of exhaust to a turbine in a turbocharger, receiving a load step request, and increasing a speed of rotation of the turbocharger based on an increase in a fueling rate initiated in response to the load step request. Operating the engine system further includes limiting dissipation of heat energy of the flow of exhaust to the turbine to hasten an increase in the speed of rotation of the turbocharger, and increasing dissipation of heat energy from the flow of exhaust after satisfaction of the load step request. Varying of the dissipation of heat energy can be achieved by displacing an insulating fluid in the exhaust manifold with a heat exchange fluid such as water and/or engine coolant.

Abstract: Components for reducing oil sticking on surfaces of an internal combustion engine are disclosed. The engine may include an engine block with a piston cylinder, a piston moveable in reciprocal motion within the piston cylinder, and a cylinder head mounted on the engine block. The engine block, the cylinder head, and the piston may define a combustion chamber. The engine may include an intake conduit mounted to the cylinder head, an intake valve port defined by the cylinder head, and an intake valve mounted in reciprocally movable fashion to the cylinder head for placing the intake valve port in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The engine may include a first oleophobic coating provided on portions of the intake valve, and a valve seat insert secured to the cylinder head. The valve seat insert may define an oil passage in fluid communication with the intake valve port.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine includes an EGR cooler having a heat exchange surface exposed to a flow of exhaust, and a second heat exchange surface. A coolant heat exchanger is fluidly connected to a coolant outlet of the EGR cooler and a coolant pump is fluidly connected to a coolant inlet of the EGR cooler. A condensate collector collects condensate from exhaust, and a condensate pump pumps condensate from the condensate collector to a sprayer to spray condensate onto the second heat exchange surface to vaporize the condensate for discharging out through an outgoing exhaust conduit of the exhaust system.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine includes an EGR cooler having a heat exchange surface exposed to a flow of exhaust, and a second heat exchange surface. A coolant heat exchanger is fluidly connected to a coolant outlet of the EGR cooler and a coolant pump is fluidly connected to a coolant inlet of the EGR cooler. A condensate collector collects condensate from exhaust, and a condensate pump pumps condensate from the condensate collector to a sprayer to spray condensate onto the second heat exchange surface to vaporize the condensate for discharging out through an outgoing exhaust conduit of the exhaust system.

Abstract: Components for reducing oil sticking on surfaces of an internal combustion engine are disclosed. The engine may include an engine block with a piston cylinder, a piston moveable in reciprocal motion within the piston cylinder, and a cylinder head mounted on the engine block. The engine block, the cylinder head, and the piston may define a combustion chamber. The engine may include an intake conduit mounted to the cylinder head, an intake valve port defined by the cylinder head, and an intake valve mounted in reciprocally movable fashion to the cylinder head for placing the intake valve port in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The engine may include a first oleophobic coating provided on portions of the intake valve, and a valve seat insert secured to the cylinder head. The valve seat insert may define an oil passage in fluid communication with the intake valve port.

Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The fuel injector includes a body defining an orifice. The orifice is configured to provide passage to a fuel into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The orifice includes an inlet port having a first oval shape and an outlet port having a second oval shape. The second al shape is orthogonal to the first oval shape. Moreover, a transition from the first oval shape to the second oval shape defines a stagnation plane, facilitating an exit of the fuel as a fan spray from the outlet port.

Abstract: A system for controlling enriched prechamber stoichiometry includes a prechamber ignition device, and an ignition control system that includes a sensor structured to measure an amount of at least one of CO2 or O2 in a prechamber, an engine timing sensor, a fuel quality sensor, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is structured to receive signals from each of the sensors and determine an air-fuel ratio of the prechamber for comparison with a target air-fuel ratio, and produce a fuel delivery signal based on the comparison.

Abstract: Operating a gaseous fuel engine includes injecting a pilot charge directly into a combustion chamber in an engine, and igniting one spray plume of the pilot charge. A flame front is propagated to other pilot spray plumes to produce an ignition flame for igniting later injected main charge spray plumes. Injection of the pilot and main charges is by way of the same fuel injection orifices.

Abstract: A system for reforming a fuel may include a first sensor configured to measure an operating parameter of an engine. The operating parameter may correlate to a NOx emission level of the engine. The system may also include a controller in communication with the sensor and a reformer. The controller may be configured to determine a target NOx emission level for the engine. The controller may be also configured to determine a target value of the operating parameter corresponding to the target NOx emission level. The controller may be further configured to control the reformer to reform at least a portion of the fuel based on a difference between the measured value and the target value of the operating parameter.

Abstract: A system for controlling enriched prechamber stoichiometry includes a prechamber ignition device, and an ignition control system that includes a sensor structured to measure an amount of at least one of CO2 or O2 in a prechamber, an engine timing sensor, a fuel quality sensor, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is structured to receive signals from each of the sensors and determine an air-fuel ratio of the prechamber for comparison with a target air-fuel ratio, and produce a fuel delivery signal based on the comparison.

Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The fuel injector includes a body defining an orifice. The orifice is configured to provide passage to a fuel into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The orifice includes an inlet port having a first oval shape and an outlet port having a second oval shape. The second al shape is orthogonal to the first oval shape. Moreover, a transition from the first oval shape to the second oval shape defines a stagnation plane, facilitating an exit of the fuel as a fan spray from the outlet port.

Abstract: Operating a gaseous fuel engine includes injecting a pilot charge directly into a combustion chamber in an engine, and igniting one spray plume of the pilot charge. A flame front is propagated to other pilot spray plumes to produce an ignition flame for igniting later injected main charge spray plumes. Injection of the pilot and main charges is by way of the same fuel injection orifices.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for a reciprocating-piston engine includes a storage tank; a wall of the storage tank defining a first aperture and a second aperture therethrough; a first fuel injector fluidly coupled with the first aperture of the storage tank via a pressure control module and a first fuel injector supply conduit; a pump fluidly coupled with the second aperture of the storage tank; and a second fuel injector fluidly coupled with an outlet port of the pump via a second fuel injector supply conduit. The pressure control module is configured to maintain a pressure in the first fuel injector supply conduit within a pressure range that includes a pressure value that is less than a pressure inside the storage tank. The pump is configured to maintain a pressure inside the second fuel injector supply conduit that is greater than the pressure inside the first fuel injector supply conduit.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for a reciprocating-piston engine includes a storage tank; a wall of the storage tank defining a first aperture and a second aperture therethrough; a first fuel injector fluidly coupled with the first aperture of the storage tank via a pressure control module and a first fuel injector supply conduit; a pump fluidly coupled with the second aperture of the storage tank; and a second fuel injector fluidly coupled with an outlet port of the pump via a second fuel injector supply conduit. The pressure control module is configured to maintain a pressure in the first fuel injector supply conduit within a pressure range that includes a pressure value that is less than a pressure inside the storage tank. The pump is configured to maintain a pressure inside the second fuel injector supply conduit that is greater than the pressure inside the first fuel injector supply conduit.

Abstract: A NOx control system includes a lean NOx catalyst and an alcohol generator. The lean NOx catalyst includes a substrate and a hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) catalyst disposed on the substrate. The HC-SCR catalyst catalyzes a reduction of NOx with an alcohol. The alcohol generator generates the alcohol.

Abstract: A NOx control system includes a lean NOx catalyst and an alcohol generator. The lean NOx catalyst includes a substrate and a hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) catalyst disposed on the substrate. The HC-SCR catalyst catalyzes a reduction of NOx with an alcohol. The alcohol generator generates the alcohol.