Abstract: Method and system embodying the method for a general address transformation for an access to a shared memory comprising at least one tile and each tile comprising at least one memory bank, comprising selecting a mode of a general address transformation; providing a general address comprising a plurality of bits by at least one of a plurality of devices; and transforming the general address onto a transformed address according to the selected mode; wherein in a first selected mode the transforming comprises determining each of a plurality of bits of a transformed address as an exclusive or of at least two bits of the plurality of bits of the general address provided that the shared memory comprises a plurality of tiles, and/or each tile comprises a plurality of banks is disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for providing multiple clock signals on a chip using a second phase-locked loop library circuit connected to a buffered reference clock output of a first PLL library circuit which may be used, inter alia, in a computer or communications system, such as a computer or communications device, packet switching system, router, other device, or component thereof. Known prior circuits would typically use multiple off-chip reference clock signals for those applications that require multiple reference clocks. Implementations according to the invention may be particularly useful for possibly providing a lower-cost solution when, for example, such a circuit provides the capability to maintain tight timing, without sacrificing input pins, or excessively loading the PC board's clock driver.

Abstract: A dual-purpose I/O circuit for use in an integrated circuit having a primary circuit is provided. The dual-purpose I/O circuit includes two conducting pads, two single-ended I/O cells and one differential I/O cell. Several dual-purpose I/O circuits can be used within a single integrated circuit to support both single-ended and/or differential mode I/O signaling between external circuits and devices and a primary circuit within the integrated circuit. Within each dual-purpose I/O circuit, a first single-ended I/O cells is connected to a first conducting pad, a second single-ended I/O cell is connected to the second conducting pad and a differential I/O cell is connected to the both the first single-ended and second single-ended I/O cells and to both the first and second conducting pads. A control logic is connected to at least one of the first single-ended, second single-ended and differential I/O cells.

Abstract: A RAM and I/O controller is provided with logic for controlling access to a DRAM and to one or more input and/or output latches, each of which are coupled to a RAM data bus. The logic receives input signals such as a refresh request signal and a RAM access request signal from other circuits or devices, and outputs one or more associated control signals onto a RAM control bus, such as a RAS output signal or a CAS output signal. The logic includes at least one idle state during which the DRAM is in a RAS or CAS precharge period. During the idle state, the logic de-asserts the RAS or CAS output and asserts one or more control signals to the input and/or output latches so as to perform at least one write and/or read operation of miscellaneous data signals with the latches 112 and 114 of FIG. 2a over the temporarily idle RAM data bus.