Abstract: Delignification of biomass consisting of lignin containing plants is done by utilizing an amino compound in and aqueous solution at ambient temperature up to 150 degree C. to produce and aqueous solution of amino lignin and an amino lignin cellulose which is not soluble in water. The aqueous solution of amino lignin is then filtered off of the amino lignin cellulose. The aqueous solution of amino lignin or the amino lignin with the amino lignin cellulose may be reacted with an abundant and renewable resources such as plant protein and/or carbohydrates to produce an amino lignin protein and/or carbohydrates adhesive and resin. The resins are hard, strong, and maybe used to make exterior fiberboard, OAS boards, plywood, molded products, etc. The amino lignin cellulose may be hydrolyzed by any suitable means such as acid hydrolysis, cellulase or bacterial enzymes into carbohydrates which can be fermented in alcohol.

Abstract: Delignification of biomass consisting of plants containing lignin is done by utilizing an amino compound in an aqueous solution or emulsion to produce water soluble amino lignin and non-soluble amino lignin cellulose which are utilized to produce adhesives and resins for use to produce wood composites and carbohydrate production.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition is produced by mixing a flammable organic material with an inorganic phosphorus-inorganic phosphoric oxyacid compound or its salts. The inorganic phosphorus-inorganic phosphoric oxyacid compounds are produced by reacting an inorganic phosphorus compound having a valence of 3-4 with an inorganic phosphorus oxyacid with a valence of 5. Carbonization auxiliaries, metal-containing compound having a carbonization acceleration effect, a comb-like polymer and a filler may be added with the flame retardant composition.

Abstract: A new fertilizer comprising of amino lignin compounds, which are made by delignification of biomass containing lignin utilizing amino compounds and producing amino lignin, amino lignincellulose and cellulose. The urea lignincellulose is reacted with potassium hydroxide to produce potassium salt of amino lignin and lignincelluose. The amino lignin is reacted with phosphorous acid to produce an amino lignin phosphorous acid. These amino lignin compounds reacted with potassium and phosphorous acid are the source nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in the new solid or aqueous fertilizer.

Abstract: Delignification of biomass consisting of plants containing lignin is done by utilizing an amino compound in an aqueous solution or emulsion to produce water soluble amino lignin and non-soluble amino lignin cellulose which are utilized to produce adhesives and resins for use to produce wood composites and carbohydrate production.

Abstract: Flame retardant and water resistant products are produced from bio-based materials such as lignin cellulose containing materials. The lignin cellulose materials are modified by the method of delignification. The method of this invention utilizes an amino compound in an aqueous solution to react with the lignin in the lignin cellulose and the amino lignin and freed lignin becomes water soluble. The amino compound also reacts with the non-water soluble lignin still attached to the cellulose and also to the cellulose that is produced. Other products are produced in this method such as carbohydrates, hemi-cellulose, rosins, waxes, alcohols and other products. The amino lignin, lignin, amino lignin and amino cellulose is reacted with many organic and inorganic compounds such as aldehydes, polyisocyanates, epoxies, polycarboxylic acids, vegetable oils and many other compounds to produce resins and adhesives which may be used to produce products such as molded products, particleboard, plywood, ABS, etc.

Abstract: Delignification of biomass consisting of lignin containing plant is done by utilizing an amino compound in and aqueous solution at ambient temperature up to 150 degree C. to produce and aqueous solution of amino salt of lignin and an amino-lignin-cellulose which is not soluble in water. The aqueous solution of amino salt of lignin is then filtered off of the amino-lignin-cellulose. The aqueous solution of amino salt of lignin or the amino salt of lignin with the amino-lignin-cellulose may be reacted with an aldehyde to produce an amino-lignin-aldehyde resin or an amino-lignin-cellulose aldehyde resin which may be of the thermoplastic or thermosetting type. The thermoplastic resins are fire resistant, hard, strong, not water soluble and may be used to make exterior fiberboard, OAS boards, plywood, molded products, etc. These urea salts of lignin may also be utilized as long acting fertilizer, to produce plastics and other products.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for producing a rotary motion force by means of a compressed gas rotary engine, rotary type with pistons in the circular rotor, consisting of a housing, a rotor with cylinder chambers containing pistons that has a rod containing a bearing which rotates against a stationary cam, the rotor is connected to a shaft, and combined with a r rod guiding system This engine may be produced in any suitable size and contain as many pistons as needed. More than one engine may be attached together. The engine has many uses such as to power machinery, automobiles, motorcycles, boats, generators, etc.

Abstract: Flame retardant and water resistant products are produced from bio-based materials such as lignin cellulose containing materials. The lignin cellulose materials are modified by the method of delignification. The method of this invention utilizes an amino compound in an aqueous solution to react with the lignin in the lignin cellulose and the amino lignin and freed lignin becomes water soluble. The amino compound also reacts with the non-water soluble lignin still attached to the cellulose and also to the cellulose that is produced. Other products are produced in this method such as carbohydrates, hemi-cellulose, rosins, waxes, alcohols and other products. The amino lignin, lignin, amino lignin and amino cellulose is reacted with many organic and inorganic compounds such as aldehydes, polyisocyanates, epoxies, polycarboxylic acids, vegetable oils and many other compounds to produce resins and adhesives which may be used to produce products such as molded products, particleboard, plywood, ABS, etc.

Abstract: Delignification of biomass consisting of lignin containing plant is done by utilizing an amino compound in and aqueous solution at ambient temperature up to 150 degree C. to produce and aqueous solution of amino salt of lignin and an amino-lignin-cellulose which is not soluble in water. The aqueous solution of amino salt of lignin is then filtered off of the amino-lignin-cellulose. The aqueous solution of amino salt of lignin or the amino salt of lignin with the amino-lignin-cellulose may be reacted with an aldehyde to produce an amino-lignin-aldehyde resin or an amino-lignin-cellulose aldehyde resin which may be of the thermoplastic or thermosetting type. The thermoplastic resins are fire resistant, hard, strong, not water soluble and may be used to make exterior fiberboard, OAS boards, plywood, molded products, etc. These urea salts of lignin may also be utilized as long acting fertilizer, to produce plastics and other products.

Abstract: A rotary double engine comprising of two separate engines, one in the peripheral area of the housing cavity and one in the central area of the rotor. A number of expansion chambers and compression chambers are formed between the anterior wall, posterior wall, housing inner wall and movable vanes which extends from the inner peripheral surface of the housing through the slots in the eccentric located rotor to the centrally located cam and bears on the inner peripheral surface of the housing, inner surface of the anterior wall, inner surface of the posterior wall and outer surface of the cam. The expansion chambers expand and contract during the operation of the engine. The output shaft is connected to and passes centrally through the rotor and extends out through the anterior wall and posterior wall and bearings. Intake port in the housing front wall or posterior wall allows pressurized air or air/fuel mixture to pass into the expansion chambers of the peripheral engine and or central engine.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for producing a rotary motion force by means of a compressed gas rotary engine, rotary type with pistons in the circular rotor, consisting of a housing, a rotor with cylinder chambers containing pistons that has a rod containing a bearing which rotates against a stationary cam, the rotor is connected to a shaft, and combined with a r rod guiding system This engine may be produced in any suitable size and contain as many pistons as needed. More than one engine may be attached together. The engine has many uses such as to power machinery, automobiles, motorcycles, boats, generators, etc.

Abstract: Flame retardant urethane compositions of this invention are produced by reacting a urea and/or urea condensate, a bio based compound and a polyisocyanate. The urea condensation compositions are produced by heating urea or heating urea to produce isocyanic acid and/or cyanic acid which reacts with urea to form urea condensates. The bio based compound are environmentally friendly, replaceable compound such as vegetable oils, molasses, sugar, lignin and hemi-cellulose. The urea and/or urea condensation compounds may be mixed with or reacted with carbonization auxiliaries. For example, polyurethane foams can be rendered less flammable with urea and/or urea condensation compounds and utilized as insulating and sound proofing materials.

Abstract: Ethanol is produced from biomass by the process of a heated aqueous solution containing 20 to 40 percent alkali metal hydroxide to break the lignin-cellulose bond. Then the biomass is heated further to remove carbon dioxide from the cellulose and lignin to produce a mixture of carbohydrates, modified sodium lignin, micro-cellulose, lignin-cellulose resinous products and sodium carbonate. Water is added to the mixture and most of the mixture is water soluble. An acidic salt forming compound is added to the aqueous solution until a pH of 3-7 is obtained. The lignin is precipitated. The lignin-cellulose resinous products float to the top and is skimmed off. The solution containing the carbohydrates and salt is decanted off the lignin and is concentrated by evaporating off water. The carbohydrates crystalizes from the solution and the water and salt is filtered off. Water is added to the carbohydrates then it is fermented to form ethanol. The ethanol is recovered from the water by evaporation.

Abstract: Partially hydrolyzed urea condensate-organic waste material, urea condensate-organic waste material are produced by mixing, heating and reacting urea with organic waste materials such as sewer sludge, garbage, cannery waste and composed organic material and urea. When a wet organic waste material is reacted with urea a partially hydrolyzed urea condensate is produced. When a dry organic waste material is reacted with urea a urea condensate-organic waste material is produced. The urea condensate-organic waste materials may be reacted with a phosphorus oxyacid and a potassium phosphate added to produce a urea condensate-organic waste composition. The urea condensate-organic waste products may be utilized as fertilizer or animal feed.

Abstract: Aqueous or solid nitrogen containing compound compounds are produced by heating urea with wet solid sewer sludge thereby producing a urea-urea condensate-sewer sludge composition in a process to dry out the sewer sludge. The urea reacts with itself and with the compounds in the sewer sludge. The urea and/or urea condensate reacts with the sulfur containing compounds thereby reducing the odor from heating the sewer sludge. The urea-urea condensate-sewer sludge composition is useful as a bio-fertilizer, may be utilized to fight grass, forest, building fires, flame retard other flammable organic material by applying it on or incorporating it in these flammable organic materials and may be reacted with aldehydes to produce resins. Carbonization auxiliaries, such as phosphorus containing compounds, metal containing compounds that will accelerate carbonization, heat reflector, surfactant and fillers may be added to or reacted with the aqueous or solid urea-urea condensate-sewer sludge composition.

Abstract: Ethanol is produced from biomass by the process of a heated aqueous solution containing 20 to 40 percent alkali metal hydroxide to break the lignin-cellulose bond. Then the biomass is heated further to remove carbon dioxide from the cellulose and lignin to produce a mixture of carbohydrates, modified sodium lignin, micro-cellulose, lignin-cellulose resinous products and sodium carbonate. Water is added to the mixture and most of the mixture is water soluble. An acidic salt forming compound is added to the aqueous solution until a pH of 3-7 is obtained. The lignin is precipitated. The lignin-cellulose resinous products float to the top and is skimmed off. The solution containing the carbohydrates and salt is decanted off the lignin and is concentrated by evaporating off water. The carbohydrates crystalizes from the solution and the water and salt is filtered off. Water is added to the carbohydrates then it is fermented to form ethanol. The ethanol is recovered from the water by evaporation.

Abstract: Flame retardant urethane compositions of this invention are produced by reacting a urea and/or urea condensate, a bio based compound and a polyisocyanate. The urea condensation compositions are produced by heating urea or heating urea to produce isocyanic acid and/or cyanic acid which reacts with urea to form urea condensates. The bio based compound are environmentally friendly, replaceable compound such as vegetable oils, molasses, sugar, lignin and hemi-cellulose. The urea and/or urea condensation compounds may be mixed with or reacted with carbonization auxiliaries. For example, polyurethane foams can be rendered less flammable with urea and/or urea condensation compounds and utilized as insulating and sound proofing materials.

Abstract: Fatty oil and acids, glycerol, glycols, lactic acid, urea, fertilizer, carbohydrates, ethanol are recovered or produced from sewer sludge by the process of concentrating and filtering out the solid sewer sludge, hydrolysis of the cellulose in the sewer sludge by an alkali or acid catalyst to carbohydrates, fermentation of the carbohydrates to produce ethanol, then recover the ethanol by distillation or membrane technology. The glycerol, glycols and lactic acids are recovered by membrane technology. The polysacchride carbohydrates are hydrolyzed to monosacchrides then fermented to alcohol. The unsoluble sewer sludge and the salts such as ammonium sulfate, nitrogen containing compounds and urea from the aqueous solution left after the ethanol is distilled off are mixed, dried and utilized as fertilizer.

Abstract: Polyurethane products are produced by utilizing a urea and/or urea condensate and/or their salts of mineral acid or organic acids as the urethane catalyst and reacting an organic compounds with 1 or more active hydrogens with a polyisocyanates. The urea condensates which act as the urethane catalyst are produced by heating urea with itself or amino compounds or other active organic compounds or reacted with a mineral acid to form a salt. These urethane product may be produced in the form of solids, rigid foams, flexible foams, elastomers, adhesives and water based coating agents.