Abstract: Provided are labeling reagents and methods for labeling primary antibodies and for detecting a target in a sample using an immuno-labeled complex that comprises a target-binding antibody and one or more labeling reagents. The labeling reagents comprise monovalent antibody fragments or non-antibody monomeric proteins whereby the labeling proteins have affinity for a specific region of the target-binding antibody and are covalently attached to a label. Discrete subsets of labeling reagent and immune-labeled complexes are provided that facilitate the simultaneous detection of multiple targets in a sample-complexes are distinguished by i) a ratio of label to labeling reagent, or ii) a physical property of said label, or iii) a ratio of labeling reagent to said target-binding antibody, or iv) by said target-binding antibody. This is particularly useful for fluorophore labels that can be attached to labeling reagents and subsequently immuno-labeled complexes in ratios for the detection of multiple targets.

Abstract: Clean combustion and equilibration equipment and methods are provided to progressively deliver, combust and equilibrate mixtures of fuel, oxidant and aqueous diluent in a plurality of combustion regions and in one or more equilibration regions to further progress oxidation of products of incomplete combustion, in a manner that sustains combustion while controlling temperatures and residence times sufficiently to reduce CO and NOx emissions to below 25 ppmvd, and preferably to below 3 ppmvd at 15% O2.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes a decoder system that decodes a bi-phase modulated signal to generate an output code. The system includes a first filter associated with a first logic state configured to generate a first dot product of a plurality of consecutive digital samples of the bi-phase modulated signal and a respective plurality of tap weights of the first filter. The system also includes a second filter associated with a second logic state configured to generate a second dot product of the plurality of consecutive digital samples of the bi-phase modulated signal with a respective plurality of tap weights of the second filter. The system further includes a comparator configured to compare the first and second dot products and to provide the output code as a bit having one of the first logic state and the second logic state based on the comparison.

Abstract: Cyanine dye compounds having a substituted methine moiety that are nucleic acid stains, particularly for fluorescent staining of RNA, including compounds having the formula where R1 is a C1-C6 alkyl, sulfoalkyl, carboxyalkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy; each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, fused benzo, trifluoromethyl, amino, sulfo, carboxy and halogen, that is optionally further substituted; at least one of R3, R4, and R5 is an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclic, or heterocyclic moiety that is optionally substituted by alkyl, amino, aminoalkyl, carboxy, nitro, or halogen; and the remaining R3, R4 or R5 are hydrogen; X is S, O, or Se; and D is a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinium, quinolinium or benzazolium moiety.

Abstract: The present invention provides labeling reagents and methods for labeling primary antibodies and for detecting a target in a sample using an immuno-labeled complex that comprises a target-binding antibody and one or more labeling reagents. The labeling reagents comprise monovalent antibody fragments or non-antibody monomeric proteins whereby the labeling proteins have affinity for a specific region of the target-binding antibody and are covalently attached to a label. Typically, the labeling reagent is an anti-Fc Fab or Fab? fragment that was generated by immunizing a goat or rabbit with the Fc fragment of an antibody.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of automatically tuning a voltage regulation control loop for a digitally controlled switch mode power supply is provided. The method includes determining a frequency response of the power stage and calculating an open loop transfer function from the frequency response. A correlated metric is defined based at least in part on the open loop transfer function, wherein the correlated metric is correlated to an expected disturbance in regulated output voltage from the digitally controlled switch mode power supply due to a change in load. New values for the open loop transfer function are calculated for a range of controller compensation parameters to minimize the correlated metric. These values are then applied to the digital controller for use in controlling the power supply.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes a decoder system that decodes a bi-phase modulated signal. The system includes a buffer configured to store a first plurality of digital samples associated with a first bit of the bi-phase modulated signal and a second plurality of digital samples associated with a second bit of the bi-phase modulated signal. The first bit can immediately precede the second bit. The system also includes a first summer configured to add the first plurality of digital samples to generate a first sum and a second summer configured to add the second plurality of digital samples to generate a second sum. The system further includes a comparator configured to compare the first sum and the second sum to determine an edge-transition between the first bit and the second bit, and to determine a logic-state of the first bit based on the edge-transition.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes a decoder system that decodes a bi-phase modulated signal to generate an output code. The system includes a first filter associated with a first logic state configured to generate a first dot product of a plurality of consecutive digital samples of the bi-phase modulated signal and a respective plurality of tap weights of the first filter. The system also includes a second filter associated with a second logic state configured to generate a second dot product of the plurality of consecutive digital samples of the bi-phase modulated signal with a respective plurality of tap weights of the second filter. The system further includes a comparator configured to compare the first and second dot products and to provide the output code as a bit having one of the first logic state and the second logic state based on the comparison.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling a digital power supply are disclosed. An example method includes storing a first set of coefficients for controlling a digital power supply in a memory of the digital power supply, associating the first set of coefficients with a first set of characteristics of an input voltage for the digital power supply, storing a second set of coefficients for controlling the digital power supply in the memory of the digital power supply, associating the second set of coefficients with a second set of characteristics of the input voltage, receiving a first voltage from a voltage source at the digital power supply, determining that the first voltage has the first set of characteristics, and, in response to determining that the first voltage has the first set of characteristics, applying the first set of coefficients to the digital power supply.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to control a digital power supply are disclosed. An example method includes calculating a duty cycle of a pulse width modulated signal to control an output of a digital power supply, initializing an output of a counter that forms a pulse width modulator to increment by a first increment up to a counter maximum value for a first period and to decrement by the first increment for a second period, dividing the duty cycle by a constant to determine a multiple of the duty cycle to apply to each power stage of the power supply, calculating a first threshold percent by subtracting the multiple of the duty cycle from one hundred percent, setting a first threshold to be the first threshold percent multiplied by the counter maximum value, and controlling the power factor controller based on the first threshold.

Abstract: Clean combustion and equilibration equipment and methods are provided to progressively deliver, combust and equilibrate mixtures of fuel, oxidant and aqueous diluent in a plurality of combustion regions and in one or more equilibration regions to further progress oxidation of products of incomplete combustion, in a manner that sustains combustion while controlling temperatures and residence times sufficiently to reduce CO and NOx emissions to below 25 ppmvd, and preferably to below 3 ppmvd at 15% O2.

Abstract: Cyanine dye compounds having a negatively charged substituent that are nucleic acid stains, particularly for fluorescent staining of DNA, including compounds having the formula wherein W forms one or two fused 5- or 6-membered aromatic rings, ? has a value of 0 or 1, n has a value of 0, or 1, X is O, S, or Se, and D is a pyridinium, or quinolinium moiety, provided that the compound has at least one negatively charged substituent.

Abstract: Clean combustion and equilibration equipment and methods are provided to progressively deliver, combust and equilibrate mixtures of fuel, oxidant and aqueous diluent in a plurality of combustion regions and in one or more equilibration regions to further progress oxidation of products of incomplete combustion, in a manner that sustains combustion while controlling temperatures and residence times sufficiently to reduce CO and NOx emissions to below 25 ppmvd, and preferably to below 3 ppmvd at 15% O2.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to control a digital power supply are disclosed. An example method includes controlling a power factor controller by: receiving a first current signal flowing in a first stage of the power factor controller, receiving a second current signal flowing in a second stage of the power factor controller, determining a difference between the first current signal and the second current signal, determining if the magnitude of a measured current signal is above a predetermined threshold, activating an integrator to integrate the difference when the magnitude of the measured current signal is above a predetermined threshold, and outputting a first control signal and a second control signal to the power factor controller based on the output of the integrator.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of automatically tuning a voltage regulation control loop for a digitally controlled switch mode power supply is provided. The method includes determining a frequency response of the power stage and calculating an open loop transfer function from the frequency response. A correlated metric is defined based at least in part on the open loop transfer function, wherein the correlated metric is correlated to an expected disturbance in regulated output voltage from the digitally controlled switch mode power supply due to a change in load. New values for the open loop transfer function are calculated for a range of controller compensation parameters to minimize the correlated metric. These values are then applied to the digital controller for use in controlling the power supply.

Abstract: An example disclosed method to handle a reference voltage change in a digital power supply includes receiving a first value associated with a first reference voltage having a first voltage magnitude at a digital signal processor of a digital power supply, comparing the first reference voltage to an output voltage of the digital power supply, controlling the digital power supply based on the comparison between the first reference voltage and the output voltage, receiving a second value associated with a second reference voltage having a second voltage magnitude, determining that the first voltage magnitude is different than the second voltage magnitude, in response to determining that the second voltage magnitude is different than the first voltage magnitude, determining a voltage profile, and controlling the digital power supply based on the voltage profile.

Abstract: Cyanine dye compounds having a negatively charged substituent that are nucleic acid stains, particularly for fluorescent staining of DNA, including compounds having the formula wherein W forms one or two fused 5- or 6-membered aromatic rings, ? has a value of 0 or 1, n has a value of 0, or 1, X is O, S, or Se, and D is a pyridinium, or quinolinium moiety, provided that the compound has at least one negatively charged substituent.

Abstract: The invention relates to Radio Frequency (RF) antennas suitable for receiving and/or transmitting digital signals in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) and/or Very High Frequency (VHF) ranges. The invention comprises a modular driven DUV antenna comprising a driven DUV element, an RF signal line RF communicatively connected to the driven DUV element, and an antenna mount supporting the DUV element; and a modular RF signal enhancer, supported by the antenna mount and selected from: an RF amplifier and a passive RF enhancer positioned to enhance the RF performance of the DUV antenna and comprising one of: an RF director, an RF reflector, and an RF booster.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to measure a transfer function of a control system are disclosed. An example method includes receiving a first signal from the power supply at a first point in the control loop at a digital signal processor, instructing the digital signal processor to add a reference signal having a predetermined frequency and a predetermined amplitude to the first signal to generate a combined signal in the digital signal processor, using the combined signal to generate a control signal for the power stage, sampling the control signal at a second point around the control loop in the digital signal processor to generate a sampled signal, comparing the sampled signal to the reference signal to determine a transfer function of the digital power supply, and displaying the transfer function on a user interface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to control a digital power supply are disclosed. An example method includes calculating a duty cycle of a pulse width modulated signal to control an output of a digital power supply, initializing an output of a counter that forms a pulse width modulator to increment by a first increment up to a counter maximum value for a first period and to decrement by the first increment for a second period, dividing the duty cycle by a constant to determine a multiple of the duty cycle to apply to each power stage of the power supply, calculating a first threshold percent by subtracting the multiple of the duty cycle from one hundred percent, setting a first threshold to be the first threshold percent multiplied by the counter maximum value, and controlling the power factor controller based on the first threshold.