Abstract: A method is provided for treating a subject in need of medication as an adjunct to elective surgery, comprising administration of a ketogenic material sufficient to produce a physiologically acceptable ketosis in the patient. Preferably the surgery is selected from the groups consisting of removal or section of tumours, removal of redundant organs such as lymph nodes and appendix, open heart surgery, cosmetic surgery, joint and bone surgery.

Abstract: A method is described for providing acute symptomatic relief to a subject with Parkinson's Disease (PD) or other CNS disorders resulting from dopamine deficiency in the brain comprising administering to said subject an amount of ketogenic material sufficient to produce a ketosis in the subject sufficient to provide therapeutic benefit in such neurological disorders. Preferred materials produce a ketosis is such that the total concentration of acetoacetate and (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in the blood of the subject is raised to between 0.1 and 30 mM.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating a subject in need of therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related CNS disorder symptoms of impaired learning, impaired planning impaired problem solving, impulsiveness, attention deficit and aggression comprising administering to said subject an amount of a ketogenic material sufficient to produce a ketosis in the subject sufficient to provide therapeutic benefit in such behavioural disorders. Preferred materials produce a ketosis is such that the total concentration of acetoacetate and (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in the blood of the subject is raised to between 0.1 and 30 mM.

Abstract: The reading head of an optical reading system for determining the presence or absence of marks on the surface of a document consists of an array of the single ends of a plurality of bifurcated light fibers. The first and second branches of the bifurcated ends of each light fiber are arranged in serial arrays. A single light source and a single light detector sequentially interface with the first and second branches respectively of the light fibers with the light source transmitting light through the first branch and the light detector generating a signal indicative of the light level reflected from the document surface through the second branch. The sequential signals generated by the light detector are processed to determine the information content of the document.