Abstract: A release apparatus for receiving an ocean alkalinity product from an Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) system (or other alkalinity source), and for releasing the alkalinity into an ocean at a maximum safe delivery rate to facilitate atmospheric CO2 reduction and mitigate ocean acidification. The release apparatus includes a diffuser having a plenum chamber defining exit ports, a flow control mechanism that controls delivery of the ocean alkalinity product through the exit port(s) into an outfall region (i.e., an ocean region surrounding the diffuser), sensors for measuring seawater parameters in the outfall region, and a controller configured to control an operating (actuation) state of the flow control device (e.g., by way of generating and transmitting a flow control signal) in accordance with the measured seawater parameters. The plenum chamber is anchored at an outfall location and is maintained at a constant depth with the exit ports aimed toward the ocean surface.

Abstract: A release apparatus for receiving an ocean alkalinity product from an Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) system (or other alkalinity source), and for releasing the alkalinity into an ocean at a maximum safe delivery rate to facilitate atmospheric CO2 reduction and mitigate ocean acidification. The release apparatus includes a diffuser having a plenum chamber defining exit ports, a flow control mechanism that controls delivery of the ocean alkalinity product through the exit port(s) into an outfall region (i.e., an ocean region surrounding the diffuser), sensors for measuring seawater parameters in the outfall region, and a controller configured to control an operating (actuation) state of the flow control device (e.g., by way of generating and transmitting a flow control signal) in accordance with the measured seawater parameters). The plenum chamber is anchored at an outfall location and is maintained at a constant depth with the exit ports aimed toward the ocean surface.

Abstract: An ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) system that reduces atmospheric CO2 and mitigates ocean acidification by electrochemically processing feedstock solution (e.g., seawater or brine) to generate an alkalinity product that is then supplied to the ocean. The OAE system includes a base-generating device and a control circuit disposed within a modular system housing deployed near a salt feedstock. The base-generating device (e.g., a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system) generates a base substance that is then used to generate the ocean alkalinity product. The control circuit controls the base-generating device such that the alkalinity product is supplied to the ocean only when (1) sufficient low/zero-carbon electricity is available, (2) it is safe to operate the base-generating device, and (3) supplying the alkalinity product will not endanger sea life.

Abstract: An ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) system that reduces atmospheric CO2 and mitigates ocean acidification by electrochemically processing feedstock solution (e.g., seawater or brine) to generate an alkalinity product that is then supplied to the ocean. The OAE system includes a base-generating device and a control circuit disposed within a modular system housing deployed near a salt feedstock. The base-generating device (e.g., a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system) generates a base substance that is then used to generate the ocean alkalinity product. The control circuit controls the base-generating device such that the alkalinity product is supplied to the ocean only when (1) sufficient low/zero-carbon electricity is available, (2) it is safe to operate the base-generating device, and (3) supplying the alkalinity product will not endanger sea life.

Abstract: An ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) system that reduces atmospheric CO2 and mitigates ocean acidification by electrochemically processing feedstock solution (e.g., seawater or brine) to generate an alkalinity product that is then supplied to the ocean. The OAE system includes a base-generating device and a control circuit disposed within a modular system housing deployed near a salt feedstock. The base-generating device (e.g., a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system) generates a base substance that is then used to generate the ocean alkalinity product. The control circuit controls the base-generating device such that the alkalinity product is supplied to the ocean only when (1) sufficient low/zero-carbon electricity is available, (2) it is safe to operate the base-generating device, and (3) supplying the alkalinity product will not endanger sea life.

Abstract: The invention provides surgical or diagnostic tools and associated methods that offer improved user control for operating remotely within regions of the body. These tools include a proximally-located actuator for the operation of a distal end effector, as well as proximally-located actuators for articulational and rotational movements of the end effector. Control mechanisms and methods refine operator control of end effector actuation and of these articulational and rotational movements. An articulation lock allows the fixing and releasing of both neutral and articulated configurations of the tool and of consequent placement of the end effector. The tool may also include other features. A multi-state ratchet for end effector actuation provides enablement-disablement options with tactile feedback. A force limiter mechanism protects the end effector and manipulated objects from the harm of potentially excessive force applied by the operator.