Abstract: A method comprising at least one light source configured to generate a light of at least one wavelength and project the light over an optical path, a sample device, the device containing a sample obtained from exhalation of a person, a vortex mask configured to receive the light after the light passes through at least a portion of the sample device, the vortex mask including a series of concentric circles etched in a substrate, the vortex mask configured to provide destructive interference of coherent light received from the at least one light source, a detector configured to detect and measure wavelength intensities from the light in the optical path, the wavelength intensities being impacted by the light passing through the sample, the detector receiving the light that remained after passing through the vortex mask, and a processor configured to provide measurement results based on the wavelength intensities.

Abstract: A method comprising at least one light source configured to generate a light of at least one wavelength and project the light over an optical path, a sample device, the device containing a sample obtained from exhalation of a person, a vortex mask configured to receive the light after the light passes through at least a portion of the sample device, the vortex mask including a series of concentric circles etched in a substrate, the vortex mask configured to provide destructive interference of coherent light received from the at least one light source, a detector configured to detect and measure wavelength intensities from the light in the optical path, the wavelength intensities being impacted by the light passing through the sample, the detector receiving the light that remained after passing through the vortex mask, and a processor configured to provide measurement results based on the wavelength intensities.

Abstract: A laser is used to controllably generate and propagate cleaves to produce a cleaved surface along the {111} crystallographic plane in diamonds.

Abstract: A chair for supporting a body of a user in a substantially upright position relative to a vertical-axis; the chair includes a frame, a chest-support, a seat and at least one knee-support. In a preferred embodiment, the chair includes a tray configured to hold items/tools such as dentist equipment. The chair is useful for supporting the body of the user who needs to be seated for a prolonged period of time, to prevent un-comfort associated with the same.

Abstract: A chair for supporting a body of a user in a substantially upright position relative to a vertical-axis; the chair includes a frame, a chest-support, a seat and at least one knee-support. In a preferred embodiment, the chair includes a tray configured to hold items/tools such as dentist equipment. The chair is useful for supporting the body of the user who needs to be seated for a prolonged period of time, to prevent un-comfort associated with the same.

Abstract: A button or fastener member is provided wherein aluminum or an aluminum alloy is used as raw material, a first copper plating layer is formed directly over the entire surface of said raw material, and a second copper plating layer is formed directly on top of the first copper plating layer, with the aforementioned second copper plating layer being thicker than the aforementioned first copper plating layer.

Abstract: A button or fastener member is provided wherein aluminum or an aluminum alloy is used as raw material, a first copper plating layer is formed directly over the entire surface of said raw material, and a second copper plating layer is formed directly on top of the first copper plating layer, with the aforementioned second copper plating layer being thicker than the aforementioned first copper plating layer.

Abstract: A resistive training device and method of using the device includes a glove operable for sports training, where the glove comprises padding for mitigating injuries during striking of objects, and a slit for providing access to an interior portion of the glove. A ring, joinable to the glove to protrude through the slit, joins to resistance training devices to impart a resistive force to movements of the glove. A patch removably joins the ring to the glove. The patch includes a first fabric for encircling a portion of the ring. A second fabric has a substantially rounded shape, where the first fabric is joined to the second fabric proximate a center of a top surface of the second fabric. A joining means is disposed on the top surface for removeably joining to the interior portion, thereby enabling a user of the apparatus to engage in resistive and non-resistive training exercises.