Abstract: Methods for initializing a qubit into a pure state, reading the qubit, and arbitrarily rotating the qubit into any quantum state complete in times shorter than the qubit's typical dephasing and relaxation times. These methods provide universal single-qubit control and may be used to implement quantum gates with high fidelity. The methods may be implemented with superconducting qubits, such as heavy fluxonium, and do not rely on a three-dimensional cavity for suppressing spontaneous emission. Therefore, the methods may be implemented using smaller two-dimensional architectures commonly used for superconducting circuits. The methods also work with low-frequency qubits, i.e., qubits for which the energy spacing between the two quantum-computational states is less than the mean thermal energy of a surrounding bath. This reduces the cooling requirements of the qubit while maintaining fidelity.

Abstract: An optical cavity includes a plurality of mirrors that reflect light along a closed path. First and second mirrors of the plurality of mirrors define an optical axis therebetween. The optical cavity includes first and second lenses located between the first and second mirrors along the optical axis. A mode of the optical cavity has a waist located between the first and second intracavity lenses. Small values of the waist (e.g., <10 microns) produce large cooperativities that relax requirements for the cavity finesse (i.e., reflectivity of the mirrors). The mirrors may be retroreflecting to create a Fabry-Perot cavity. Alternatively, the first and second mirrors may define one segment of a ring cavity. The optical cavity may be used to trap, read, entangle, and drive nonlinear emitters (e.g., atoms, color centers, quantum dots) located near the waist.

Abstract: A nonlinear parametric device includes a planar substrate and a millimeter-wave resonator formed from superconductive material deposited on the planar substrate. When the resonator is cooled below a critical temperature, it exhibits nonlinear kinetic inductance that may be used to implement millimeter-wave nonlinear frequency generation and parametric amplification. Millimeter waves may be coupled into, and out of, the nonlinear parametric device with hollow rectangular electromagnetic waveguides. Niobium nitride is an excellent superconductive material for kinetic inductance due to its high intrinsic sheet inductance, a critical temperature that is higher than many other superconductive materials, and relatively low loss at millimeter-wave frequencies.

Abstract: Qubit devices require fast operation, long coherence, and large scalability to be viable for implementation in quantum computing systems. A qubit platform device having long coherence, scalability, and fast operation includes a substrate, or trap region, configured to structurally support solid neon thereon. A trap electrode is configured to provide a trap voltage to the trap region and which creates a confining electrical field to a confining region adjacent to the trap region. The confining region being a region of space to confine an electron therein, confining the electron against the solid neon. First and second sets of guard electrodes are configured to provide variable electric potentials to first and second guard regions to allow for trapping and manipulation of a single electron in the confining region.

Abstract: Qubit devices require fast operation, long coherence, and large scalability to be viable for implementation in quantum computing systems. A qubit platform device having long coherence, scalability, and fast operation includes a substrate, or trap region, configured to structurally support solid neon thereon. A trap electrode is configured to provide a trap voltage to the trap region and which creates a confining electrical field to a confining region adjacent to the trap region. The confining region being a region of space to confine an electron therein, confining the electron against the solid neon. First and second sets of guard electrodes are configured to provide variable electric potentials to first and second guard regions to allow for trapping and manipulation of a single electron in the confining region.

Abstract: Methods for initializing a qubit into a pure state, reading the qubit, and arbitrarily rotating the qubit into any quantum state complete in times shorter than the qubit's typical dephasing and relaxation times. These methods provide universal single-qubit control and may be used to implement quantum gates with high fidelity. The methods may be implemented with superconducting qubits, such as heavy fluxonium, and do not rely on a three-dimensional cavity for suppressing spontaneous emission. Therefore, the methods may be implemented using smaller two-dimensional architectures commonly used for superconducting circuits. The methods also work with low-frequency qubits, i.e., qubits for which the energy spacing between the two quantum-computational states is less than the mean thermal energy of a surrounding bath. This reduces the cooling requirements of the qubit while maintaining fidelity.

Abstract: Systems and methods of continuous cooling at cryogenic temperatures. One exemplary aspect involves a refrigeration system that includes: a chamber adapted to hold liquid and gaseous coolant received from a cooling pot; a first adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the first adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the first adsorption pump is enabled; a second adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the second adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the second adsorption pump is enabled; a means for desorbing the gas captured by the first adsorption pump; and a means for desorbing the gas captured by the second adsorption pump.

Abstract: A nonlinear parametric device includes a planar substrate and a millimeter-wave resonator formed from superconductive material deposited on the planar substrate. When the resonator is cooled below a critical temperature, it exhibits nonlinear kinetic inductance that may be used to implement millimeter-wave nonlinear frequency generation and parametric amplification. Millimeter waves may be coupled into, and out of, the nonlinear parametric device with hollow rectangular electromagnetic waveguides. Niobium nitride is an excellent superconductive material for kinetic inductance due to its high intrinsic sheet inductance, a critical temperature that is higher than many other superconductive materials, and relatively low loss at millimeter-wave frequencies.

Abstract: Systems and methods of continuous cooling at cryogenic temperatures. One exemplary aspect involves a refrigeration system that includes: a chamber adapted to hold liquid and gaseous coolant received from a cooling pot; a first adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the first adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the first adsorption pump is enabled; a second adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the second adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the second adsorption pump is enabled; a means for desorbing the gas captured by the first adsorption pump; and a means for desorbing the gas captured by the second adsorption pump.

Abstract: Systems and methods of continuous cooling at cryogenic temperatures. One exemplary aspect involves a refrigeration system that includes: a chamber adapted to hold liquid and gaseous coolant received from a cooling pot; a first adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the first adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the first adsorption pump is enabled; a second adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the second adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the second adsorption pump is enabled; a first heater or heat switch for desorbing the gas captured by the first adsorption pump; and a second heater or heat switch for desorbing the gas captured by the second adsorption pump.

Abstract: Systems and methods of continuous cooling at cryogenic temperatures. One exemplary aspect involves a refrigeration system that includes: a chamber adapted to hold liquid and gaseous coolant received from a cooling pot; a first adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the first adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the first adsorption pump is enabled; a second adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the second adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the second adsorption pump is enabled; a means for desorbing the gas captured by the first adsorption pump; and a means for desorbing the gas captured by the second adsorption pump.

Abstract: This invention provides novel fullerene derivatives, particularly fullerene derivatives that are water-soluble, that modulate the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and/or calmodulin. The invention provides methods for modulating NOS activity and particularly provides methods for inhibiting NOS activity, by contacting one or more fullerene derivatives of this invention with cells or tissue that exhibit NOS activity. In a specific embodiment, the invention provides water-soluble fullerene derivatives that are selective inhibitors of neuronal NOS or iNOS. Preferred water soluble fullerenes have substituents that contain one or more amine groups, amine cationic groups.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods involving purified, isolated and/or synthetic G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) polypeptides that comprise fragments, derivatives and/or consensus peptides of transmembrane domains of G-coupled receptor proteins, wherein the GPR polypeptide has biological activity selected from binding of a GPR ligand to a GPR or modulating the binding of a GPR ligand to a GPR.

Abstract: Stereoisomeric substituted and/or unsubstituted octahydronaphthoquinolizines (OHNQs), and derivatives and analogs thereof are provided, including pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions, as well as methods of making and using these compounds according to the following formula I: ##STR1##