Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing lipid nanoparticles encapsulating therapeutic products, said process comprising: a) providing one or more aqueous solutions in one or more reservoirs; b) providing one or more organic solutions in one or more reservoirs, wherein one or more of the organic solutions contains a lipid and wherein one or more of the aqueous solutions and/or one or more of the organic solutions includes therapeutic products; c) mixing said one or more aqueous solutions with said one or more organic solutions in a first mixing region, wherein said first mixing region is a Multi-Inlet Vortex Mixer (MIVM), wherein said one or more aqueous solutions and said one or more organic solutions are introduced tangentially into a mixing chamber within the MIVM so as to substantially instantaneously produce a lipid nanoparticle solution containing lipid nanoparticles encapsulating therapeutic products.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a process for making compounds of Formula I or Ia useful in the treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a process for making compounds of Formula I or Ia useful in the treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases.

Abstract: Imidazolmethyloxy-substituted tricyclo-macrolide immunosuppressants are prepared by reacting a tricyclo-macrolide with an imidazolmethyl trichloroacetimidate in the presence of an acid. The invention further provides a crystalline salt of imidazolmethyloxy-substituted tricyclo-macrolide, as well as novel compounds useful in the process of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to a process for forming an amide bond linkage comprising reacting a carboxylic acid and an amine in a two-phase mixture of water and an organic solvent selected from an oxygenated organic solvent or an aromatic solvent in the presence of a coupling reagent and an additive. This process is useful for making ubiquitous amides and polypeptides having various biological activities.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with an improved process for the synthesis of hydroxysulfone, which is a key intermediate in the synthesis of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, especially dorzolamide. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are known to be effective in treating elevated intraocular pressure or glaucoma.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of oxytocin receptor antagonists of the following formula (I) ##STR1## and their crystalline salts is disclosed.

Abstract: A key step in the synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-(S)-4-(ethylamino)-(S)-6-methyl-4H-thieno?2,3-b!thiopyran-2-su lfonamide 7,7-dioxide (dorzolamide) and related compounds is a Ritter reaction with an unexpected tendency to proceed with retention of chirality.

Abstract: The invention is a highly efficient synthesis for making compounds of formula (iv) wherein R is C.sub.1-4 alkyl or benzyl; and R.sup.1, when present, is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, OH, O--C.sub.1-4 alkyl, or S--C.sub.1-4 alkyl; which are useful intermediates for making compounds such as those represented in formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compound represented by the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein Z-- represents a negatively charged counterion.

Abstract: A process of synthesizing N-acyl auxiliary compounds is disclosed. A compound of the formula: ##STR1## is reacted with an anhydride in the presence of a lithium salt and an amine base to produce the N-acylated auxiliary.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with an improved process for the synthesis of and intermediate en route to 5,6-dihydro-(s)-4-(ethylamino)-(s)-6-methyl-4h-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-su lfonamide 7,7-dioxide and related compounds. The instant process reduces the reaction time for the synthesis of the key intermediate from 3 to 4 days to from about 2 to about 4 hours while retaining the high enantiomeric purity of the product.

Abstract: A process of synthesizing N-acyl auxiliary compounds is disclosed. A compound of the formula: ##STR1## is reacted with an anhydride in the presence of a lithium salt and an amine base to produce the N-acylated auxiliary.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to water-soluble derivatives of antibiotic lipopeptides having the formula. ##STR1## wherein R is H or OH and R' is a phosphono, sulfo or acyl radical possessing a charged group at neutral pH.The derivatives are esters but having a charged group, have good solubility properties in aqueous medium, rendering them more useful as therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a compound of the formula ##STR1## in crystalline form by solubilizing the compound in warm aqueous n-propanol and then allowing the solution to stand at ambient temperature until crystal formation is substantially complete is described. The crystalline compound obtained thereby is also described.

Abstract: Oxazaborolidine-borane complexes are prepared by adding a C.sub.5-8 alkane, typically hexane, to an aged solution of oxazaborolidine and a source of borane such as borane-dimethyl sulfide or gaseous diborane to crystallize the oxazaborolidine complex.

Abstract: The chiral catalyst of general structure 1, or its enantiomer ##STR1## is prepared by treating the corresponding N-carboxy anhydride of structure 2 ##STR2## with an aryl metal, especially a phenyl metal such as an aryl magnesium halide, aryl lithium, aryl zinc or aryl cesium, to form a 1,1-diaryl- methanol of structure 3 ##STR3## followed by treatment with a compound of structure, 4 ##STR4## The catalyst, wherein R is aromatic, is novel and in some cases superior to the catalyst wherein R is alkyl or aralkyl in directing the chirality of diborane, borane-dimethyl sulfide or borane-tetrahydrofuran reductions of ketones to secondary alcohols.

Abstract: A facile process for preparing a compound of the formula ##STR1## or a salt thereof, wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, X, X.sup.1 Y and Z are as defined in the specification, by direct phosphorylation of the corresponding phenolic compound with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate in the presence of lithium hydroxide is described.

Abstract: There is disclosed a monophosphorylated cyclic lipopeptide compound obtained by biophosphorylating a cyclic lipopeptide related to echinocandins and having a peptide skeleton bearing several hydroxy groups wherein in the phosphorylated cyclic lipopeptide, the phosphate group is attached to the hydroxy group of the 4-hydroxyproline component of the lipopeptide. The compounds are useful for the control of fungi and parasites.

Abstract: The chiral catalyst of general structure 1, or its enantiomer ##STR1## is prepared by treating the corresponding N-carboxy anhydride of structure 2 ##STR2## with an aryl metal, especially a phenyl metal such as an aryl magnesium halide, aryl lithium, aryl zinc or aryl cesium, to form a 1,1-diaryl- methanol of structure 3 ##STR3## followed by treatment with a compound of structure, 4 ##STR4## The catalyst, wherein R is aromatic, is novel and in some cases superior to the catalyst wherein R is alkyl or aralkyl in directing the chirality of diborane, borane-dimethyl sulfide or borane-tetrahydrofuran reductions of ketones to secondary alcohols.