Abstract: Composite magnetic recording media are described. A composite structure is a structure that is formed of multiple components. For example, a composite magnetic recording medium may include a substrate, an underlayer formed over the substrate, the underlayer defining a coating surface, and a magnetic layer formed over the coating surface of the underlayer. Composite magnetic recording media constructed according to the materials and techniques disclosed may provide dimensional flexibility while exhibiting improved physical or electromagnetic characteristics. In some examples, dimensional flexibility may be achieved by pairing a substrate greater than or equal to approximately 4000 nanometers thick with an underlayer less than or equal to approximately 890 nanometers thick.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method of generating Stokes vectors, a Mueller matrix, and polarized scattering from an aerosol aggregate includes providing an incident infrared laser beam; causing the incident infrared laser beam to be polarization-modulated using variable stress/strain birefringence imposed on a ZnSe crystal; defining a Stokes vector associated with the incident infrared laser beam; scattering the incident infrared laser beam from an aggregate aerosol comprising interferents and analyte particles; producing a scattered-beam reactant Stokes vector by causing the scattered incident infrared laser beam to be polarization-modulated; generating a Mueller matrix by taking a transformation of the Stokes vector; and identifying the analyte using the Mueller matrix. The Mueller matrix may comprise M-elements that are functions of a wavelength of the infrared laser beam, backsattering orientation of the infrared laser beam, and a shape and size of the interferents and analyte particles.

Abstract: An optomechanical switching device, a control system, and a graphical user interface for a photopolarimetric lidar standoff detection that employs differential-absorption Mueller matrix spectroscopy. An output train of alternate continuous-wave CO2 laser beams [ . . . L1:L2 . . . ] is directed onto a suspect chemical-biological (CB) aerosol plume or the land mass it contaminates (S) vis-à-vis the OSD, with L1 [L2] tuned on [detuned off] a resonant molecular absorption moiety of CB analyte. Both incident beams and their backscattered radiances from S are polarization-modulated synchronously so as to produce gated temporal voltage waveforms (scattergrams) recorded on a focus at the receiver end of a sensor (lidar) system. All 16 elements of the Mueller matrix (Mij) of S are measured via digital or analog filtration of constituent frequency components in these running scattergram data streams (phase-sensitive detection).

Abstract: Composite magnetic recording media are described. A composite structure is a structure that is formed of multiple components. For example, a composite magnetic recording medium may include a substrate, an underlayer formed over the substrate, the underlayer defining a coating surface, and a magnetic layer formed over the coating surface of the underlayer. Composite magnetic recording media constructed according to the materials and techniques disclosed may provide dimensional flexibility while exhibiting improved physical or electromagnetic characteristics. In some examples, dimensional flexibility may be achieved by pairing a substrate greater than or equal to approximately 4000 nanometers thick with an underlayer less than or equal to approximately 890 nanometers thick.

Abstract: An analog Mueller matrix data acquisition system (AMMS) acquiring middle-infrared Mueller (M) matrices of backscattering surfaces. The M-elements are measured by means of an active photopolarimetric sensor. The AMMS records nine M-elements simultaneously in groups of four modulo 2 incident continuous-wave CO2 laser beams—one incident beam is tuned to a fundamental molecular absorption cross-section by the aerosol of detection interest (analytic wavelength ?a) while the other beam is detuned off that resonance band (reference wavelength ?r) and in the closest vicinity to ?a. Accordingly, those ?M elements exhibiting susceptible behavior to the aerosol analyte, driven on-then-off its molecular vibrational resonance band, cues an identification event thus providing detection decision information.

Abstract: A method for producing a magnetic recording medium includes heat-curing a coated substrate to cure a non-magnetic back coat on the substrate and to cure a magnetic front coat on the substrate, and calendering the heat-cured coated substrate to produce the magnetic recording medium. The calendering optionally is off-line calendering during which the substrate passes between opposed, generally non-compliant rolls. Other methods, and magnetic recording media produced by the disclosed methods, also are disclosed.

Abstract: Chemical agent warfare materials and their simulant liquids are identified on terrestrial surfaces at a distance by recognizing the contaminant's infrared fingerprint spectrum brought out in thermal luminescence (TL). Suspect surfaces are irradiated with microwave light that is absorbed into the surface and, subsequently, TL is released by the surface. An optics receiver collects the released TL radiant light, and a data acquisition system searches this TL radiant flux for the contaminant's fingerprint infrared spectrum. A decision on the presence or absence of any-of-N contaminants is done by a neural network system that acts as a filter through real-time pattern recognition of the contaminant's unique infrared absorption or emission spectra.

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor that includes:(a) a charge transport compound having the formula ##STR1## where n is an integer between 2 and 6, inclusive; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently, are an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 combine with the nitrogen atom to form a ring;Y is a bond, a carbon atom, a --CR.sup.3 group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a cyclosiloxyl group;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; andX is a linking group having the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- wherein m is an integer between 4 and 10, inclusive, and one or more of the methylene groups is optionally replaced by an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, or an ester group;(b) a charge generating compound; and(c) an electroconductive substrate.

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor that includes:(a) a charge transport compound having the formula ##STR1## where n is an integer between 2 and 6, inclusive; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently, are an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 combine with the nitrogen atom to form a ring;Y is a bond, a carbon atom, a --CR.sup.3 group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a cyclosiloxyl group;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; andX is a linking group having the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- where m is an integer between 4 and 10, inclusive, and one or more of the methylene groups is optionally replaced by an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, or an ester group;(b) a charge generating compound; and(c) an electroconductive substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for remotely sensing and identifying chemical and biological terials comprising an interrogation component having a first and second infrared radiation source providing a predetermined exciting energy and a predetermined referencing energy, a collection component for collecting backscattering radiation, an optical analysis component for converting the collected backscattered radiation into Mueller matrix elements, a filter component for pattern recognition from the Mueller matrix for specific predetermined materials and a comparison component for determining the presence of specific predetermined materials. A method for identifying chemical and biological materials is disclosed.

Abstract: A multinozzle electrostatic spraying apparatus wherein flow restrictors are provided in the liquid supply paths to the nozzles to render the liquid flow rates through the nozzles more uniform irrespective of the spatial orientation of the apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus, particularly electrostatic spraying apparatus, comprising a container and an enabling device wherein the container has a discharge valve that is held in the closed position by sprung member(s) that can be urged out of engagement, so as to permit valve actuation, upon connection of the enabling device to the container.

Abstract: Portable electrostatic spraying apparatus having a low stored energy wherein the capacitor of the high voltage circuit is formed by the capacitance between a lead connecting the high voltage generator output to the spray nozzle and a lead connected to the other side of the generator output.

Abstract: Electrostatic spraying apparatus e.g. for graphic work, having a hand or finger held body carrying a nozzle to which the atomizing potential is applied from a high voltage generator. The nozzle is of the non-drip type, e.g. a capillary bore or a felt- or fibre-tip so that no liquid is dispensed therefrom in the absence of the atomizing potential. The nozzle and liquid reservoir may be a cartridge, e.g. a felt-tip graphic marker. The generator may be within the body so as to provide a self-contained unit which can be "earthed" via the user's hand.

Abstract: A power source converter apparatus that is the structural and functional ivalent of a typical internally stored battery, such as a lithium organic cell. The converter has a shape and size that conforms to that of the battery being replaced. The converter includes a pair of output terminals that can make electrical contact with appropriate elements in the unit in the same manner as did the battery it replaces and a pair of input terminals accessible to the exterior of the unit for connection to an external power source. Internally of the converter body, there is mounted an electronic circuit to be used as a power conditioner and a voltage regulator for performing the proper DC-to-DC voltage conversion to ensure the necessary voltage at the output terminals. A threaded cap is fixed to the converter for use in covering the opening in the battery housing.