Abstract: This invention relates to the use of the exhaust of an internal combustion engine to contribute to forward motion by a pneumatic device connected directly to the drive train and a motor generator connected to the drive train to contribute to acceleration and to provide regenerative braking. All of the automobiles electrical needs are supplied by recaptured momentum when driving conditions allow. Surplus electricity is stored to further contribute to acceleration.

Abstract: A direct current machine construction in which the rotor includes a permanent magnet with the stator including winding energizable from a direct current source. In a first embodiment first and second stationary slip rings are connected to an external direct current source. Coupled for rotation with the shaft are to first and second brush assemblies with brushes which are spring biased and protrude radially outwardly from the rotor shaft. The commutator for the windings is stationary relative to the housing and includes a plurality of commutator segments positioned intermediate the slip rings and in a cylindrical manner facing inwardly toward, and for contact with, the commutator brushes. The windings are on the stator with the winding leads being accessible externally of the stator for enabling switching devices to be utilized for changing of the number of turns of the stator windings for thereby varying the motor characteristics, as needed.