Abstract: An all chloride bath is provided for electroplating nickel phosphorus on a substrate. The bath includes 0.7-1.3 molar Ni.sup.+, 1-2 molar Cl.sup.-, and 1-3 molar HPO.sub.3.sup.+2. The bath also optionally contains 0.2-0.6 molar PO.sub.4.sup.-3. The bath contains as little sulfate as possible. Any sodium lauryl sulfate in the bath can be removed using a carbon filter. The electroplatings produced according to the invention have Knight shift, density, and non-uniform thickness properties more characteristic of electroplated nickel phosphorus than electroless. They have lower tensile strength, increased inherent brightness, and reduced graininess compared to electroplating from baths including sulfate. The bath has increased cathode efficiency, increased conductivity, and reduced formation of unwanted precipitates compared to baths with sulfates. The bath constituents may be provided from NiCl.sub.2.6H.sub.2 O and H.sub.3 PO.sub.3 ; or from Ni(H.sub.2 PO.sub.3).sub.2 and HCl.

Abstract: A plating bath for nickel and/or cobalt phosphorus amorphous alloy coating can last almost indefinitely. The anode current density of the bath is controlled so as to maintain the amount of phosphoric acid in the bath constant, and less than a level (e.g. around 0.5 molar) at which it has significant deleterious effects on the bath, i.e. maintaining the free acid concentration in the bath in an acid titer range of about 9-14. The anode current density is maintained at about 200 amperes per square foot or greater, and preferably about 500 amperes per square foot or greater, by employing an anode construction that comprises a plurality of widely spaced strips (e.g. wires) of platinum or rhodium; e.g. platinum wires each having a diameter of about 0.010 inches and, for example, a length of about 3.2 inches, and disposed vertically and generally parallel to, but spaced from, a face of a cathode-workpiece that is to be plated with nickel phosphorus, cobalt phosphorus, or nickel/cobalt phosphorus.