Abstract: An automated method of classifying irrigation status of fields within a geographical region includes identifying a plurality of field areas delineated by field boundaries within the geographical region. Seasonal normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series data are processed to generate a plurality of aggregate field NDVI feature values for each identified field area. Irrigation status of each identified field area is classified by executing a decision tree classifier that is configured to determine a classification as either ‘irrigated’ or ‘non-irrigated’ based upon the corresponding plurality of aggregate field NDVI feature values.

Abstract: A control gate for a channel or pond adapted to be installed across a channel for liquids. The control gate includes: at least two panels hingedly connected together, the panels having opposing sides in sealing engagement with side walls of the channel, a lowermost panel being in sealing engagement with the floor of the channel. The panels are substantially vertically aligned in a fully closed position of the control gate. At least one first lifting element is connected to the top of an uppermost panel and is adapted to lower and raise the uppermost panel relative to its hinged connection in a concertina manner to provide an overshot position for the control gate. At least one second lifting element is connected to the bottom of the lowermost panel to raise and lower the lowermost panel from the floor of the channel to provide an undershot position for the control gate.

Abstract: A control gate adapted to be installed across a channel for liquids. The control gate includes a barrier member with a side member that has a circular arcuate section, the barrier member being pivotally mounted at or adjacent to the base of the channel; and a drive for raising and lowering the barrier member. The drive includes a cable, motor and first and second pulleys. The first pulley is coupled to the motor, the cable is secured to opposite first and second ends of the arcuate section, with the second pulley being adjacent to the arcuate section. The cable passes along the arcuate section from the one end to pass under the second pulley in contact therewith, is looped around the first pulley, above the second pulley, then passes under the second pulley and is secured to the second end of the arcuate section.

Abstract: A cable drive device including an arcuate segment drive member and a cable drum having an axle to allow rotation of the cable drum. The cable drum has a cable affixed at either end of the arcuate section of the arcuate segment drive member and tautly wrapped around the cable drum. The cable drum is located between the ends of the arcuate section of the arcuate segment drive member to, in use, allow the arcuate segment drive member to be moved when the axle is rotated. The cable is located in a groove in the arcuate section and a part of the cable drum extends into the groove, and the cable drum and the arcuate segment drive member simulate a rack and pinion drive.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling and measuring flow. The arrangement includes a fluid control barrier and a flow-measuring apparatus upstream of the fluid control barrier. The fluid control barrier includes a pair of plates for opening and closing a pipe, and the plates are movable towards a center line of the pipe to open the pipe and produce a symmetrical flow profile for the flow-measuring apparatus.

Abstract: A control gate for a channel or pond adapted to be installed across a channel for liquids. The control gate includes: at least two panels hingedly connected together, the panels having opposing sides in sealing engagement with side walls of the channel, a lowermost panel being in sealing engagement with the floor of the channel. The panels are substantially vertically aligned in a fully closed position of the control gate. At least one first lifting element is connected to the top of an uppermost panel and is adapted to lower and raise the uppermost panel relative to its hinged connection in a concertina manner to provide an overshot position for the control gate. At least one second lifting element is connected to the bottom of the lowermost panel to raise and lower the lowermost panel from the floor of the channel to provide an undershot position for the control gate.

Abstract: A rain gauge for measurement of rain fall. The rain gauge includes: a measurement chamber having an inlet port at one end and a drainage port at the other end, the drainage port being closed by a valve and programmable to be opened at predefined events to release water collected in measurement chamber; a funnel or collector adapted to receive rain fall opens into the inlet port; and an ultrasonic transducer for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals into measurement chamber. The ultrasonic transducer is programmable to determine the water level in measurement chamber. An automatic weather station including the rain gauge is also provided.

Abstract: A device to determine a surface level of an area subject to flood, furrow, border-check or surface irrigation. The device includes an open-ended tube partially insertable into a hole in the soil to be irrigated. The tube has a plurality of perforations along its length and periphery to allow water entering perforations from above ground level to fill the tube. A housing is secured to the other end the of tube and contains a programmable ultrasonic transducer for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals from the water level within the tube. The housing has electronic circuitry and wireless communication elements to control the programmable ultrasonic transducer. The surface level and depth of water flowing along the surface level can be determined by monitoring a change point at which increases in monitored water levels slow, after a rapid increase of the monitored water levels, and by the difference in monitored water levels.

Abstract: A control gate adapted to be installed across a channel for liquids. The control gate includes a barrier member with a side member that has a circular arcuate section, the barrier member being pivotally mounted at or adjacent to the base of the channel; and a drive for raising and lowering the barrier member. The drive includes a cable, motor and first and second pulleys. The first pulley is coupled to the motor, the cable is secured to opposite first and second ends of the arcuate section, with the second pulley being adjacent to the arcuate section. The cable passes along the arcuate section from the one end to pass under the second pulley in contact therewith, is looped around the first pulley, above the second pulley, then passes under the second pulley and is secured to the second end of the arcuate section.

Abstract: An arrangement of acoustic transducers for a flow meter. The flow meter is for measuring the rate at which fluid is flowing. The arrangement includes a respective transducer set for each edge of a notional regular polygon. The transducer sets are associated with a tubular cavity for carrying the fluid. Each of the transducer sets respectively includes two acoustic transducers oriented to define an acoustic path lying in a measurement plane of the respective set, and another two acoustic transducers oriented to define another acoustic path lying in the measurement plane of the respective set. The transducers sets are positioned so that, in a cross-section normal to the tubular cavity, the measurement plane of each respective transducer set is coincident with a respective edge of the notional regular polygon.

Abstract: A method of spatially deriving soil moisture at a selected location within an irrigation district to be irrigated. The method includes using system identification techniques to produce an algorithm for evapotranspiration based on a predetermined selection from the following measured parameters: solar radiation spectrum, wind speed, temperature, humidity, crop factor, soil type, barometric pressure, irrigation historical data, and energy measurement from solar panels at each of a plurality of representative locations; calibrating the algorithm by direct measurement of the moisture in the soil at each of the representative locations by respective soil moisture sensors; and using measured parameters of rainfall, soil type, irrigation historical data and crop factor with the algorithm to derive or interpolate soil moisture at the selected location within the irrigation district.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling and measuring flow. The arrangement includes a fluid control barrier and a flow-measuring apparatus upstream of the fluid control barrier. The fluid control barrier includes a pair of plates for opening and closing a pipe, and the plates are movable towards a center line of the pipe to open the pipe and produce a symmetrical flow profile for the flow-measuring apparatus.

Abstract: Methods are provided for determining plant stress, including: using a computer-based camera system having thermal imaging and visual imaging to capture foliage at close proximity of at least one plant to provide high resolution images/video thereof; analyzing both thermal and visual images/video therefrom to form a composite image; determining the thermal activity of the composite image/video and photosynthesis state of the at least one plant; and deriving the plant stress from the determination. A handheld computer-based camera system is also provided and includes a smartphone and thermal imaging device.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling and measuring flow. The arrangement includes a fluid control barrier and a flow-measuring apparatus upstream of the fluid control barrier. The fluid control barrier includes a pair of plates for opening and closing a pipe, and the plates are movable towards a center line of the pipe to open the pipe and produce a symmetrical flow profile for the flow-measuring apparatus.

Abstract: A method of spatially deriving soil moisture at a selected location within an irrigation district to be irrigated. The method includes using system identification techniques to produce an algorithm for evapotranspiration based on a predetermined selection from the following measured parameters: solar radiation spectrum, wind speed, temperature, humidity, crop factor, soil type, barometric pressure, irrigation historical data, and energy measurement from solar panels at each of a plurality of representative locations; calibrating the algorithm by direct measurement of the moisture in the soil at each of the representative locations by respective soil moisture sensors; and using measured parameters of rainfall, soil type, irrigation historical data and crop factor with the algorithm to derive or interpolate soil moisture at the selected location within the irrigation district.

Abstract: A rain gauge for measurement of rain fall. The rain gauge includes: a measurement chamber having an inlet port at one end and a drainage port at the other end, the drainage port being closed by a valve and programmable to be opened at predefined events to release water collected in measurement chamber; a funnel or collector adapted to receive rain fall opens into the inlet port; and an ultrasonic transducer for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals into measurement chamber. The ultrasonic transducer is programmable to determine the water level in measurement chamber. An automatic weather station including the rain gauge is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides method and system of controlling flow rate in a pipeline network for fluids. The system includes a demand management system to monitor fluid flow rate in the pipeline network (10) and a pump (34) to increase the fluid flow rate when the demand management system determines an increase in fluid flow rate is required.

Abstract: An arrangement of acoustic transducers for a flow meter. The flow meter is for measuring the rate at which fluid is flowing. The arrangement includes a respective transducer set for each edge of a notional regular polygon. The transducer sets are associated with a tubular cavity for carrying the fluid. Each of the transducer sets respectively includes two acoustic transducers oriented to define an acoustic path lying in a measurement plane of the respective set, and another two acoustic transducers oriented to define another acoustic path lying in the measurement plane of the respective set. The transducers sets are positioned so that, in a cross-section normal to the tubular cavity, the measurement plane of each respective transducer set is coincident with a respective edge of the notional regular polygon.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling and measuring flow. The arrangement includes a fluid control barrier and a flow-measuring apparatus upstream of the fluid control barrier. The fluid control barrier includes a pair of plates for opening and closing a pipe, and the plates are movable towards a center line of the pipe to open the pipe and produce a symmetrical flow profile for the flow-measuring apparatus.