Abstract: A system and method to propagate data over a network such as the Internet. The system and method determine a first set of addresses and perform a function such as a primitive element exponentiation upon those addresses to map to a second address space. The second address space could be a pseudo random ordering of addresses in the first address space such that each address in the first address space maps to an address in the second address space. The second address space is traversed to deliver data to receptive elements on the network. Each receptive element on the network is enlisted to continue propagating the data across the network resulting in a one-to-one, pseudo-random, exponential propagation.

Abstract: A number of equivalent credentials may be associated with at least one entity. Each of the equivalent credentials may be of one of a number of types, such as, for example, a cryptographic key pair, a password, a biometric, or other types or combinations thereof. When one of the equivalent credentials is authenticated by an authentication control system, the at least one entity may be permitted access to a hardware device, software, or a service associated with the authentication control system. The authentication control system may include a number of authentication endpoints and blocking controls, each of which may be associated with a respective equivalent credential. After the authentication control system authenticates one of the equivalent credentials, a parameter of a blocking control and/or configurable credential-related attributes of an authentication endpoint associated with another of the equivalent credentials may be changed or reset.