Abstract: A monitoring device for verifying the integrity of a software of a memory device is disclosed. The monitoring device comprises a processor and a memory, the memory containing instructions executable by the processor, such that the processor is to; receive first information on at least one physical side-effect of a computer apparatus as a result of an instruction of a monitored software being executed by the computing apparatus. The processor is also to receive second information on the monitored software being executed, and based on the first information and the second information, the processor is to determine if the monitored software is compromised.

Abstract: An example computing device comprises a memory storing software, and a processor to, identify an expected parameter value range of a plurality of expected parameter value ranges of a hardware component of the computing device, the expected parameter value range corresponding to a set operating mode of the hardware component; compare an analog parameter value of the hardware component to the identified expected parameter value range; and determine whether the analog parameter value is within or outside the expected parameter value range.

Abstract: A method of determining whether a processing unit is compliant with a security policy is provided. The method may comprise obtaining first data indicative of a power consumption profile of the processing unit for a first time period, the power consumption profile comprising a variation of power consumption with time. The method may comprise determining whether the processing unit is compliant with the security policy during the first time period depending, at least in part, on the obtained first data. It may be that the processing unit complying with the security policy gives rise to a power signature in the power consumption profile of the processing unit during a period of compliance.