Abstract: A method for combustion tuning, comprises collecting exhaust parameters indicating combustion status of a boiler by a sensor array; determining whether the exhaust parameters of the boiler match a preset optimization target; and optimizing combustion, if the exhaust parameters do not match the preset optimization target by selecting a model from a model repository based on a current boiler condition, wherein the model corresponds to a relationship between model input variables and the exhaust parameters; determining at least one optimized model input variable of the boiler for realizing the optimization target, based on the selected model; and adjusting actuators of the boiler according to the optimized model input variable.

Abstract: One or more light sources emit light within first, second, and third wavelength ranges through exhaust gas. The first and second wavelength ranges are characterized by first and second different absorption wavelength ranges of a background gas. The third wavelength range is characterized by an absorption wavelength range of a gas-of-interest. At least some of the light within the first, second, and third wavelength ranges is absorbed by the exhaust gas thereby providing modified light characterized by the first, second, and third absorption wavelength ranges. One or more detectors receive the modified light. A processing subsystem determines a temperature of the exhaust gas based on the modified light characterized by the first and second absorption wavelength ranges and a concentration of the gas-of-interest based on the modified light characterized by the third absorption wavelength range and the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: One or more light sources emit light within first, second, and third wavelength ranges through exhaust gas. The first and second wavelength ranges are characterized by first and second different absorption wavelength ranges of a background gas. The third wavelength range is characterized by an absorption wavelength range of a gas-of-interest. At least some of the light within the first, second, and third wavelength ranges is absorbed by the exhaust gas thereby providing modified light characterized by the first, second, and third absorption wavelength ranges. One or more detectors receive the modified light. A processing subsystem determines a temperature of the exhaust gas based on the modified light characterized by the first and second absorption wavelength ranges and a concentration of the gas-of-interest based on the modified light characterized by the third absorption wavelength range and the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method for combustion tuning, comprises collecting exhaust parameters indicating combustion status of a boiler by a sensor array; determining whether the exhaust parameters of the boiler match a preset optimization target; and optimizing combustion, if the exhaust parameters do not match the preset optimization target by selecting a model from a model repository based on a current boiler condition, wherein the model corresponds to a relationship between model input variables and the exhaust parameters; determining at least one optimized model input variable of the boiler for realizing the optimization target, based on the selected model; and adjusting actuators of the boiler according to the optimized model input variable.

Abstract: A method for reducing the emissions from combustion gases produced during a combustion process includes injecting a hydrocarbon-based reducing agent into the combustion gases to form a combustion gas mixture. The combustion gas mixture including oxides of nitrogen, NOx, is directed through a selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system including a catalyst bed to remove NOx from the combustion gas mixture and to produce an exhaust gas. In one embodiment, the exhaust gases are released from the SCR to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus to introduce a reagent to reduce nitrogen oxides in flue gas including: nozzles mounted to a passage for the flue gas, wherein the nozzles are mounted downstream of a SNCR system and upstream of a SCR system, wherein the nozzles are mounted on one or more walls of the passage and are configured to inject a pressurized fluid into the flue gas; a source of the pressurized fluid which is in fluid communication with the nozzles such that the pressurized fluid flows to the nozzles; a source of a NOx reducing reagent and a mixing device which mixes the reagent with the pressurized fluid such that the pressurized fluid flowing to the nozzles includes the reagent.

Abstract: An apparatus to introduce a reagent to reduce nitrogen oxides in flue gas including: nozzles mounted to a passage for the flue gas, wherein the nozzles are mounted downstream of a SNCR system and upstream of a SCR system, wherein the nozzles are mounted on one or more walls of the passage and are configured to inject a pressurized fluid into the flue gas; a source of the pressurized fluid which is in fluid communication with the nozzles such that the pressurized fluid flows to the nozzles; a source of a NOx reducing reagent and a mixing device which mixes the reagent with the pressurized fluid such that the pressurized fluid flowing to the nozzles includes the reagent.

Abstract: Combustion systems having reduced nitrogen oxide emissions and methods of using the same are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a combustion system is provided. The combustion system includes a combustion zone, which includes a burner for converting a fuel, under fuel rich conditions, to a flue gas. An intermediate staged air inlet is downstream from the combustion zone, for supplying intermediate staged air to the flue gas and producing fuel lean conditions. A reburn zone is downstream from the intermediate staged air inlet for receiving the flue gas. A process for using the combustion system and a method of reducing NOX flowing into the reburn zone of a combustion system are also described herein.

Abstract: A system includes an emissions control system. The emissions control system includes a chemical injection conduit. The emissions control system also includes a chemical injector coupled to the chemical injection conduit, wherein the chemical injector is configured to output an emissions control chemical into the chemical injection conduit. The emissions control system further includes a wave generator coupled to the chemical injection conduit, wherein the wave generator is configured to output multiple waves that propagate through the chemical injection conduit into a flow path of combustion products to drive improved mixing of the emissions control chemical with the combustion products.

Abstract: A pulse detonation coal burner includes a burner body having an inlet and an outlet, and a fuel introduction system coupled to the inlet of the burner body. The fuel introduction system is configured and disposed to introduce at least one fuel into the burner body. A pulse detonation device is operatively coupled to the burner body. The pulse detonation device is configured and disposed to introduce a pulse detonation wave into the burner body to ignite the at least one fuel.

Abstract: A system includes an emissions control system. The emissions control system includes a chemical injection conduit. The emissions control system also includes a chemical injector coupled to the chemical injection conduit, wherein the chemical injector is configured to output an emissions control chemical into the chemical injection conduit. The emissions control system further includes a wave generator coupled to the chemical injection conduit, wherein the wave generator is configured to output multiple waves that propagate through the chemical injection conduit into a flow path of combustion products to drive improved mixing of the emissions control chemical with the combustion products.

Abstract: A method of decreasing a concentration of nitrogen oxides in a combustion gas flowing through a vessel including: generating a flue gas in a combustion zone of the vessel, the flue gas containing nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide; providing overfire air into a burnout zone of the vessel from a first injector of overfire air to oxidize at least some of the carbon monoxide in the flue gas; injecting a selective reducing agent concurrent with overfire air at a level in the burnout zone downstream of the first injector of overfire air and downstream of the oxidization of the carbon monoxide, and reacting the selective reducing agent with the flue gas to reduce the nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A method of decreasing a concentration of nitrogen oxides in a combustion gas flowing through a vessel including: generating a flue gas in a combustion zone of the vessel, the flue gas containing nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide; providing overfire air into a burnout zone of the vessel from a first injector of overfire air to oxidize at least some of the carbon monoxide in the flue gas; injecting a selective reducing agent concurrent with overfire air at a level in the burnout zone downstream of the first injector of overfire air and downstream of the oxidization of the carbon monoxide, and reacting the selective reducing agent with the flue gas to reduce the nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A method of decreasing a concentration of nitrogen oxides in a combustion gas flowing through a vessel including: generating a flue gas in a combustion zone of the vessel, the flue gas containing nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide; providing overfire air into a burnout zone of the vessel from a first injector of overfire air to oxidize at least some of the carbon monoxide in the flue gas; injecting a selective reducing agent concurrent with overfire air at a level in the burnout zone downstream of the first injector of overfire air and downstream of the oxidization of the carbon monoxide, and reacting the selective reducing agent with the flue gas to reduce the nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A method for reducing the emissions from combustion gases produced during a combustion process includes injecting a hydrocarbon-based reducing agent into the combustion gases to form a combustion gas mixture. The combustion gas mixture including oxides of nitrogen, NOx, is directed through a selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system including a catalyst bed to remove NOx from the combustion gas mixture and to produce an exhaust gas. In one embodiment, the exhaust gases are released from the SCR to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for reducing the emissions from combustion gases produced during a combustion process includes injecting a hydrocarbon-based reducing agent into the combustion gases to form a combustion gas mixture. The combustion gas mixture including oxides of nitrogen, NOx, is directed through a selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system including a catalyst bed to remove NOx from the combustion gas mixture and to produce an exhaust gas. In one embodiment, the exhaust gases are released from the SCR to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention can include systems and methods for facilitating varying coal pipes for a pulverized coal burner. In one embodiment, a method for improving operation of a pulverized coal burner comprising at least one burner comprising at least one coal pipe having an inner diameter, and an outer diameter. The method can include installing at least one sleeve or at least one liner within the coal pipe between the inner and outer diameter of the coal pipe, wherein velocity of a primary air and pulverized coal mixture is increased in an upstream portion of the coal pipe. The method can also include reducing the at least one sleeve or liner, wherein velocity of the primary air and pulverized coal mixture is reduced in a downstream portion of the coal pipe.

Abstract: Combustion systems having reduced nitrogen oxide emissions and methods of using the same are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a combustion system is provided. The combustion system includes a combustion zone, which includes a burner for converting a fuel, under fuel rich conditions, to a flue gas. An intermediate staged air inlet is downstream from the combustion zone, for supplying intermediate staged air to the flue gas and producing fuel lean conditions. A reburn zone is downstream from the intermediate staged air inlet for receiving the flue gas. A process for using the combustion system and a method of reducing NOX flowing into the reburn zone of a combustion system are also described herein.

Abstract: A method for reducing the emissions from combustion gases produced during a combustion process includes injecting a hydrocarbon-based reducing agent into the combustion gases to form a combustion gas mixture. The combustion gas mixture including oxides of nitrogen, NOx, is directed through a selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system including a catalyst bed to remove NOx from the combustion gas mixture and to produce an exhaust gas. In one embodiment, the exhaust gases are released from the SCR to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of decreasing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in a combustion gas flowing through a vessel including the steps of: generating a flue gas in a combustion zone of the vessel, the flue gas containing nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide; providing overfire air into a burnout zone of the vessel from a first injector of the overfire air to oxidize at least some of the carbon monoxide in the flue gas; injecting a selective reducing agent concurrent with the overfire air at a level in the burnout zone downstream of the first injector of overfire air and downstream of the oxidization of the carbon monoxide; and reacting the selective reducing agent with the flue gas to reduce the nitrogen oxides.