Abstract: Compositions and methods for modulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells via altering post-translational modifications of ATP synthase subunits or precursors thereof such as the ATP synthase ? chain and its precursor are provided. These compositions and methods are useful in preconditioning organs and preventing cell injury or cell death via regulating ATP synthesis or hydrolysis in cells of the organs.

Abstract: Proteins modified by pharmacological preconditioning are provided. Compositions, methods and events for modulating these proteins and priming cells for preconditioning and inducing preconditioning in a cell, tissue or organ as well as methods for identifying new compositions and methods for such priming and induction are also provided. In addition, methods for diagnosing and monitoring preconditioning or ischemic, hypoxic, ischemic/reperfusion and hypoxic/reperfusion conditions or the ability of a cell, tissue or organ to survive injury by measuring modulation of one or more of these preconditioning proteins are provided.

Abstract: Proteins modified by pharmacological preconditioning are provided. Compositions, methods and events for modulating these proteins and priming cells for preconditioning and inducing preconditioning in a cell, tissue or organ as well as methods for identifying new compositions and methods for such priming and induction are also provided. In addition, methods for diagnosing and monitoring preconditioning or ischemic, hypoxic, ischemic/reperfusion and hypoxic/reperfusion conditions or the ability of a cell, tissue or organ to survive injury by measuring modulation of one or more of these preconditioning proteins are provided.

Abstract: Two novel phosphorylation sites of myosin light chain 1 (MLC1) are described. Methods of monitoring phosphorylation of MLC1 to identify new cardiac and skeletal muscle protective agents, monitor the extent of preconditioning of cardiac and skeletal muscles, and monitoring the status of a subject with cardiac or skeletal muscle damage are provided. Also provided are methods and compositions for altering MLC1 to change contractility of cardiac and skeletal muscles and to protecting cardiac and skeletal muscles from damage caused by conditions and/or agents including, but not limited to, cardiomyopathies, hypertension, free radicals ischemia, hypoxia, and ischemia/hypoxia with reperfusion.

Abstract: Two novel phosphorylation sites of myosin light chain 1 (MLC1) are described. Methods of monitoring phosphorylation of MLC1 to identify new cardiac and skeletal muscle protective agents, monitor the extent of preconditioning of cardiac and skeletal muscles, and monitoring the status of a subject with cardiac or skeletal muscle damage are provided. Also provided are methods and compositions for altering MLC1 to change contractility of cardiac and skeletal muscles and to protecting cardiac and skeletal muscles from damage caused by conditions and/or agents including, but not limited to, cardiomyopathies, hypertension, free radicals ischemia, hypoxia, and ischemia/hypoxia with reperfusion.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for modulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells via altering post-translational modifications of ATP synthase subunits or precursors thereof such as the ATP synthase &bgr; chain and its precursor are provided. These compositions and methods are useful in preconditioning organs and preventing cell injury or cell death via regulating ATP synthesis or hydrolysis in cells of the organs.