Abstract: A multilayer structure can include at least one layer that comprises an ethylene propylene diene copolymer compound that comprises: 60 parts per hundred rubber (phr) to 95 phr of a first ethylene propylene diene copolymer (EP(D)M) having an ethylene content of 62 wt % to 90 wt % based on the first EP(D)M and a heat of fusion (Hf) of 15 J/g or greater; 5 phr to 40 phr of an second EP(D)M having an ethylene content of 40 wt % to 60 wt % based on the second EP(D)M and a Hf of 0 J/g to 14 J/g, wherein the Hf of the first EP(D)M minus the Hf of the second EP(D)M is 5 J/g or greater; wherein the first EP(D)M and second EP(D)M combined are 100 parts; a filler at 40 phr to 500 phr; and a curing agent at 0.5 phr to 20 phr.

Abstract: Described are compositions of inhibitors of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the ENPP1 inhibitors, and methods of use thereof. The compositions are generally used to promote bone mineralization, bone growth, or both, mediated by ENPP1, particularly the alveolar bone.

Abstract: Compositions for inhibiting ENPP1 signaling, inactivity, and/or activity are disclosed. The compositions contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Preferably, the compound binds to the active site of ENPP1 on the extra-cellular domain of ENPP1. Also described are methods of using the compositions. The compounds can be administered via one or more routes of administration to a subject in need thereof. The compounds are present in amounts effective to treat, prevent, or reduce one or more diseases or disorders associated with ENPP1 signaling, inactivity, and/or activity.

Abstract: Compositions of a modulator of cell metabolism, typically targeting cellular glycolysis, preferably with a targeting moiety, attached directly or indirectly to the inhibitor, or to a nanoparticle or other delivery vehicle thereof, and methods of use for treating cancer, proliferative disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, or inflammatory diseases are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions including the targeted modulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also provided. The pharmaceutical compositions can be administered to a subject in need thereof in an effective amount to reduce one or symptoms of the cancer, proliferative disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, or inflammatory diseases alone or prior to or in conjunction with a further therapy such as radiotherapy.

Abstract: Compositions of a modulator of cell metabolism, typically targeting cellular glycolysis, preferably with a targeting moiety, attached directly or indirectly to the inhibitor, or to a nanoparticle or other delivery vehicle thereof, and methods of use for treating cancer, proliferative disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, or inflammatory diseases are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions including the targeted modulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also provided. The pharmaceutical compositions can be administered to a subject in need thereof in an effective amount to reduce one or symptoms of the cancer, proliferative disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, or inflammatory diseases alone or prior to or in conjunction with a further therapy such as radiotherapy.

Abstract: Methods of selecting a subject with cancer for treatment with an active agent that modifies pyruvate metabolism, the TCA cycle, or oxidative phosphorylation, as well as methods of treating the subject, determining the efficacy of the treatment, and adjusting the treatment dosage and frequency are provided. Methods of selecting and treating as subject typically include, (a) detecting the level of one or more biomarkers selected from the group consisting of one or more Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carriers (MPC), one or more components of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC), or mitochondrial glutamine transporter in diseased or disordered cells obtained from the subject; and (b) selecting the subject for treatment if the subject meets certain criteria and (c) administering the subject an effective amount of an active agent that modifies pyruvate metabolism, the TCA cycle, a related metabolic pathway, or oxidative phosphorylation to treat the disease or disorder.

Abstract: A method of treating a seizure disorder is described wherein an acetylcholinesterase(AChE) inhibitor is administered to a subject having a seizure disorder and an increased risk of a cardiac event from the seizure disorder, wherein the AChE inhibitor decreases the risk of such cardiac event. Further described are methods of decreasing the risk of a cardiac event in subjects with or without a seizure disorder by administering a therapeutically effective amount of an AChE inhibitor. Methods of treating kidney disease and reducing an elevated CRP level by administering an AChE inhibitor are also described.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions for treating neurodegenerative diseases are described. The compounds include a therapeutic agent covalently linked with huperzine or an analog thereof through a linker. Methods of preparing the compounds are described. Methods of treating a neurodegenerative disease by administering compounds and compositions including a therapeutic agent covalently linked with huperzine or an analog thereof are described. Methods for delivering a therapeutic agent by administering the therapeutic agent covalently linked to huperzine or an analog thereof are described.

Abstract: A monochromator of the Czerny-Turner type includes an entrance slit, a collimating mirror for receiving light output by the entrance slit, a planar grating for receiving light reflected by the collimating mirror, a focusing mirror for receiving light reflected by the grating, and an exit slit for receiving light focused by the focusing mirror. Light generally proceeds from the entrance slit to the collimating mirror, form the collimating mirror to the grating, from the grating to the focusing mirror and from the focusing mirror to the exit slit. The improvement comprises the use of a single toroidal collimating mirror in the system in combination with a spherical focusing mirror.