Abstract: A cored wire for refining molten metal includes a reactive core material that is in the form of a solid rod. A non-reactive particulate material radially surrounds the solid core material, and an exterior metal jacket radially surrounds the particulate material. The particulate material may include wood or other material that when introduced into the molten metal, undergoes thermal decomposition to release carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof as a shroud around the core material.

Abstract: A cored wire for refining molten metal includes a reactive core material that is in the form of a solid rod. A non-reactive particulate material radially surrounds the solid core material, and an exterior metal jacket radially surrounds the particulate material. The particulate material may include wood or other material that when introduced into the molten metal, undergoes thermal decomposition to release carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof as a shroud around the core material.

Abstract: A cored wire for refining molten metal includes a reactive core material that is in the form of a solid rod. A non-reactive particulate material radially surrounds the solid core material, and an exterior metal jacket radially surrounds the particulate material. The particulate material may include wood or other material that when introduced into the molten metal, undergoes thermal decomposition to release carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof as a shroud around the core material.

Abstract: A cored wire for refining molten metal includes a reactive core material that is in the form of a solid rod. A non-reactive particulate material radially surrounds the solid core material, and an exterior metal jacket radially surrounds the particulate material. The particulate material may include wood or other material that when introduced into the molten metal, undergoes thermal decomposition to release carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof as a shroud around the core material.

Abstract: A riser for a mold includes a riser body formed of an exothermic material. A cavity is located in the riser body and is adapted to contain an associated molten metal. An opening is provided in the riser body for communicating the riser body cavity with a cavity of an associated mold. The riser body exothermic material consists essentially of a reactive mixture which includes, in weight percent, from about 25% to 65% silica, from about 5% to 18% sodium nitrate, from about 1% to 8% sodium hexafluorosilicate, from about 15% to 40% aluminum, and from about 2% to 20% iron oxide.

Abstract: A self-kindling fuel package includes a readily combustible container having four side walls and a bottom wall. A charge of fuel is held in the container together with an igniting member for igniting the charge of fuel. The igniting member includes a wick, an ignition element to which the wick is secured and an ignition cream which is applied to a surface of the ignition element. The ignition cream is in contact with a portion of the wick for igniting the ignition element.