Abstract: A process for reaction and separation which comprises inputting a process material into at least one column of a plurality of columns wherein each column has at least one inlet for accepting flow from another column or group of columns, an external feed stream, an external eluent stream or a combination thereof, and each column has at least one outlet for connecting to another column, a group of columns, an external product stream or a combination thereof. Each column is independently operable in an up-flow or down-flow mode and connected independently to one of the group comprising another column, an external feed stream, an external eluent stream, an external product stream and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the continuous production of bisphenol-A by continuously reacting phenol using an acid catalyst resin and continuously or essentially continuously removing water from the system. Continuous removal of water allows for increased catalytic activity of the resin and therefore improved productivity. Removal is facilitated by conducting the process in a carousel simulated moving bed device. Process efficiency is further enhanced by conducting the process in a device configured to have a combination of series, parallel or reverse flows which are optionally arranged so the process results in higher yield and lower impurities.

Abstract: A process for reaction and separation which comprises inputting a process material into at least one column of a plurality of columns wherein each column has at least one inlet for accepting flow from another column or group of columns, an external feed stream, an external eluent stream or a combination thereof, and each column has at least one outlet for connecting to another column, a group of columns, an external product stream or a combination thereof. Each column is independently operable in an up-flow or down-flow mode and connected independently to one of the group comprising another column, an external feed stream, an external eluent stream, an external product stream and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for reaction and separation which comprises inputting a process material into at least one column of a plurality of columns wherein each column has at least one inlet for accepting flow from another column or group of columns, an external feed stream, an external eluent stream or a combination thereof, and each column has at least one outlet for connecting to another column, a group of columns, an external product stream or a combination thereof. Each column is independently operable in an up-flow or down-flow mode and connected independently to one of the group comprising another column, an external feed stream, an external eluent stream, an external product stream and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for reaction and separation which comprises inputting a process material into at least one column of a plurality of columns wherein each column has at least one inlet for accepting flow from another column or group of columns, an external feed stream, an external eluent stream or a combination thereof, and each column has at least one outlet for connecting to another column, a group of columns, an external product stream or a combination thereof. Each column is independently operable in an up-flow or down-flow mode and connected independently to one of the group comprising another column, an external feed stream, an external eluent stream, an external product stream and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the continuous production of bisphenol-A by continuously reacting phenol using an acid catalyst resin and continuously or essentially continuously removing water from the system. Continuous removal of water allows for increased catalytic activity of the resin and therefore improved productivity. Removal is facilitated by conducting the process in a carousel simulated moving bed device. Process efficiency is further enhanced by conducting the process in a device configured to have a combination of series, parallel or reverse flows which are optionally arranged so the process results in higher yield and lower impurities.

Abstract: Molded, soft composite articles such as seat cushions are made by (a) applying a composition which forms a soft elastomer to all interior walls of an open mold, (b) introducing a composition which will react to form a low density, high resiliency, flexible foam under molding conditions into the mold in a manner such that the foam-forming composition will be substantially completely within the elastomer-forming composition; (c) closing the mold (i) prior to introduction of the foam-forming composition or (ii) at some point during or subsequent to introduction of the foam-forming mixture but before foam formation is completed and (d) allowing the foam-forming mixture to form a foam. The composite articles produced by this simple one-step process are characterized by good cushioning characteristics, good abrasion resistance and good mold reproducibility. This molding process generates less waste and requires less labor and equipment than current commercial processes.

Abstract: A quick disconnnect connection for a bulk chemical supply container in an automatic refill system for a liquid chemical temperature controller is provided wherein replenishing liquid chemical is automatically supplied from the bulk chemical supply unit to a bubbler ampule in the liquid chemical temperature controller. The quick disconnect connection has shutoff valves that isolate the bulk chemical supply container to prevent depth contamination of the replenishing chemical upon connection and disconnection of the bulk supply chemical container from the automatic refill system.

Abstract: An automatic refill system for a liquid chemical temperature controller is provided wherein replenishing liquid chemical is automatically supplied from a chemical bulk supply to a bubbler ampule in the liquid chemical temperature controller based on sensed level depths in a manner that avoids contamination of the replenishing chemical.

Abstract: An electrode is provided which is formed by the metallurgical bonding technique of diffusion bonding the backplate, conductor elements and electrode surface together, then applying the catalytic coating to the electrode surface, and bonding the backplate to an electrical conducting plate.

Abstract: A wheel shield is disclosed for covering the wheel of an automobile so that the sidewall of the tire carried thereon can be sprayed with a protectant solution. The shield comprises a frusto-conical body having a circumferential rim on the large diameter open end therof and a knob on the small diameter closed end thereof. On the top of the cylindrical rim a retainer member is provided having an angularly inwardly and outwardly extending free end portion. On the body adjacent the cylindrical rim and opposite the free end portion a reinforcing box structure is provided. When the shield is placed over the outer flange of the wheel, a manual push applied on the front surface of the box structure forces the free end portion into the crevice formed between the rim portion of the wheel and the tire to thereby detachably hold the shield on the wheel.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic cell used to produce dilute quantities of a halogen solution from water containing dilute quantities of salt to disinfect and sanitize the water, the cell further employs monopolar electrodes of trapezoidal shape and an electrode separating plates that ensures proper alignment and equal separation of the electrode plates during operation.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell is provided with electrodes which are inserted within electrode frames with internal flow conduits and which are formed by metallurgical bonding, and the use of adhesives and an electrical resistance lowering conductive compound between contact surfaces.

Abstract: A process for electrolysis in a membrane electrolytic cell comprises feeding a concentrated alkali metal halide brine containing complex-forming elements and silica at a pH of from about 4 to about 12 to the cell. The alkali metal halide brine is electrolyzed under conditions which maintain the pH of the alkali metal halide brine at a value above about 3.5.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of an alkali metal chloride brine is comprised of an anode compartment and a cathode compartment separated by a cation exchange membrane. The anode is comprised of an unflattened expanded structure of a valve metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, tantalum, niobium, and alloys thereof. At least one side of the anode has as the electrochemically active surface an electrodeposited layer of a valve metal oxide. A plurality of cracks traverse the electrodeposited layer and a coating of a platinum metal group oxide covers the electrodeposited layer and substantially fills the cracks. The cationic exchange membrane is comprised of a laminated structure having a first surface adapted to contact an anolyte in which the ion exchange groups are predominately sulfonic acid groups. The first surface is also in contact with the electrochemically active surface of the anode.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing metal-silica, particularly aluminum-silica colloidal complexes in an alkali metal halide, particularly sodium chloride, brine used as an anolyte feedstock for membrane electrolytic cells. Such stabilization is achieved by modifying the startup procedure of the cell so as to promote a sufficient level of hydroxyl ion backmigration during electrolysis so as to keep the pH of said brine at a value about 3.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of replacing a structurally damaged membrane after determining which membrane in a multiple unit filter press membrane electrolytic cell is damaged in response to cell operating conditions and monitorings indicating a problem exists.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of determining which membrane in a multiple unit filter press membrane electrolytic cell is structurally damaged after cell operating conditions and monitorings indicate the problem exists.