Abstract: Polarization dependent loss (PDL) of an optical component is computed in a deterministic method that requires only four measurements, each having a unique input state of polarization.

Abstract: Various implementations of a technique are presented for capitalizing on signal correlation in a manner for providing usable frequency information. In a specific embodiment, a filter (51) is adapted to a signal component of an input signal using a variable generated by an adapter (58). The variable has a prescribed relationship to the frequency of the signal component. The variable is used to weight a combination of signal values derived from past signal history to form a prediction of a future signal. An adder (56) combines the new signal value with the prediction to form an error signal which is used by the filter (51) and the adapter (58). When the filter converges, a frequency indicator (59) using the variable provides an output signal indicative of the frequency of the signal component.

Abstract: Accurate and reliable measurements of transmission parameters, e.g., envelope delay distortion or frequency response, of a network or facility (105) are obtained in a test system (FIG. 1) employing digital data acquisition units (121) by utilizing a unique test signal including a plurality of tones. A set of test signals is transmitted over the facility (105), a set of measurements is made of the received version for each test signal, each set of measurements is time averaged, and an ensemble of time-averaged sets of measurements is used to generate the desired measurements of the transmission parameters. System efficiency is enhanced by measuring prescribed transmission impairments, e.g., nonlinear distortion (3OID), signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and frequency shift (FS) on the facility under evaluation and dynamically determining test system parameters in accordance with predetermined relationships with the measured impairments (FIGS.

Abstract: Accurate and reliable measurement results are obtained in a test system (FIG. 1) employing digital data acquisition units (121) when measuring frequency response or envelope delay distortion of a network or communication facility (105) by employing a unique test signal (21-tone) including a plurality of tones, each tone having amplitude, frequency, phase component values determined and assigned in accordance with prescribed criteria. The phase component values are determined in accordance with a relationship dependent on the number of tones in the test signal, and in one example, are initially assigned on a random, one-to-one basis to the tones. In a specific embodiment, a test signal is utilized having 21 tones. Further problems arising from nonlinearities on the facility under evaluation (105) are minimized by transmitting the 21-tone test signal a plurality of times and by reassigning the phase component values to the tones each time the test signal is transmitted.

Abstract: Errors in test results are minimized in a test system (FIG. 1) employing digital data acquisition units (121) when measuring intermodulation distortion of a voice frequency communication facility (105) by employing a unique 3-tone test signal. To this end, the three tones have predetermined amplitude, frequency and phase relationships to obtain a test signal having a desired optimum probability density function which is substantially Gaussian. Additionally, circuit noise components are eliminated from the test results by obtaining a measure of noise with a single tone test signal and subtracting it out from the three tone test results. In a specific embodiment, a measure of the power spectrum resulting from the three tone signal and the power spectrum of the single tone signal are obtained, combined and utilized to obtain measurements of second and third order intermodulation distortion products compensated for noise.