Abstract: Disclosed are fermentative enrichment cultures and two pure isolates there from for use in biotransformation of halomethanes. Disclosed bioaugmentation cultures are dominated by Enterobacteriaceae, and are implemented together with one or more electron donors such as corn syrup, glucose, and the like, and a corrinoid catalyst such as vitamin B12. Disclosed cultures and implementation methods can be utilized to transform single halomethanes or mixtures of halomethanes at high rates to non-toxic end products being primarily carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and, organic acids.

Abstract: A mixed culture of Dehalococcoides species is provided that has an ability to catalyze the complete dechlorination of polychlorinated ethenes such as PCE, TCE, cDCE, 1,1-DCE and vinyl chloride as well as halogenated ethanes such as 1,2-DCA and EDB. The mixed culture demonstrates the ability to achieve dechlorination even in the presence of high source concentrations of chlorinated ethenes.

Abstract: A mixed culture of Dehalococcoides species is provided that has an ability to catalyze the complete dechlorination of polychlorinated ethenes such as PCE, TCE, cDCE, 1,1-DCE and vinyl chloride as well as halogenated ethanes such as 1,2-DCA and EDB. The mixed culture demonstrates the ability to achieve dechlorination even in the presence of high source concentrations of chlorinated ethenes.

Abstract: A surgical aid to facilitate wound closure particularly, but not exclusively, in the abdominal region. The surgical aid includes a body portion and a tail portion. At least the body portion is made predominantly of a planar, flexible and resiliently stretchable material, preferably surgical grade silicone. In a preferred embodiment the surgical aid is fish shaped, having a roughly elliptical body and a smaller elliptical tail. The body and tail portions are integrally formed from a single sheet of surgical grade silicone. The invention also provides a method of using the surgical aid wherein the body portion is inserted into the wound prior to closure to act as a physical barrier between the peritoneum and the viscera. The peritoneum and posterior rectus sheath is then closed by suturing over the body portion. When the closure is almost complete, the body portion is withdrawn using the tail portion as a handle. The closure can then be completed.

Abstract: A surgical aid to facilitate wound closure particularly, but not exclusively, in the abdominal region. The surgical aid includes a body portion and a tail portion. At least the body portion is made predominantly of a planar, flexible and resiliently stretchable material, preferably surgical grade silicone. In a preferred embodiment the surgical aid is fish shaped, having a roughly elliptical body and a smaller elliptical tail. The body and tail portions are integrally formed from a single sheet of surgical grade silicone. The invention also provides a method of using the surgical aid wherein the body portion is inserted into the wound prior to closure to act as a physical barrier between the peritoneum and the viscera. The peritoneum and posterior rectus sheath is then closed by suturing over the body portion. When the closure is almost complete, the body portion is withdrawn using the tail portion as a handle. The closure can then be completed.