Abstract: A cassette-based power measuring apparatus includes a power sensing arrangement mounted within a cavity defined by a hollow bicycle cassette. The power sensing arrangement includes a torque sensing assembly including torque sensing elements configured to measure a user applied torque. The torque sensing elements are in communication with an electronics assembly configured to process the measured data and transmit it to a receiver. The torque sensing assembly may comprise a torque tube or a series of bending beams secured between a rear plate of the cassette and a freehub. The torque tube or bending beams may include strain gauges bonded thereto for measuring strain induced by application of forces in response to user-applied power.

Abstract: A cassette-based power measuring apparatus includes a power sensing arrangement mounted within a cavity defined by a hollow bicycle cassette. The power sensing arrangement includes a torque sensing assembly including torque sensing elements configured to measure a user applied torque. The torque sensing elements are in communication with an electronics assembly configured to process the measured data and transmit it to a receiver. The torque sensing assembly may comprise a torque tube or a series of bending beams secured between a rear plate of the cassette and a freehub. The torque tube or bending beams may include strain gauges bonded thereto for measuring strain induced by application of forces in response to user-applied power.

Abstract: A cassette-based power measuring apparatus includes a power sensing arrangement mounted within a cavity defined by a hollow bicycle cassette. The power sensing arrangement includes a torque sensing assembly including torque sensing elements configured to measure a user applied torque. The torque sensing elements are in communication with an electronics assembly configured to process the measured data and transmit it to a receiver. The torque sensing assembly may comprise a torque tube or a series of bending beams secured between a rear plate of the cassette and a freehub. The torque tube or bending beams may include strain gauges bonded thereto for measuring strain induced by application of forces in response to user-applied power.

Abstract: A cassette-based power measuring apparatus includes a power sensing arrangement mounted within a cavity defined by a hollow bicycle cassette. The power sensing arrangement includes a torque sensing assembly including torque sensing elements configured to measure a user applied torque. The torque sensing elements are in communication with an electronics assembly configured to process the measured data and transmit it to a receiver. The torque sensing assembly may comprise a torque tube or a series of bending beams secured between a rear plate of the cassette and a freehub. The torque tube or bending beams may include strain gauges bonded thereto for measuring strain induced by application of forces in response to user-applied power.

Abstract: An exercise system includes a user input arrangement; a rotatable member that rotates in response to an input force applied by a user on the user input arrangement; a power sensing arrangement that senses power applied to the rotatable member due to the input force applied by the user; and a variable resistance arrangement interconnected with the power sensing arrangement and with the user input arrangement. The resistance arrangement applies resistance to rotation of the rotatable member, and is variable in response to the power sensing arrangement to vary the resistance applied to the rotatable member. The variable resistance arrangement may be a brake that interacts with the rotatable member to resist rotation of the rotatable member, and to thereby resist the input force applied by the user. The variable resistance arrangement includes a controller for controlling the brake in response to the power sensing arrangement.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculating valve with vacuum motor actuator is integrally combined with an electronic control system having a valve position sensor and an electrically controlled pilot valve for the vacuum motor. The electronic control system responds directly to an externally generated low power voltage signal so that the voltage signal and the valve position are related in a monotonic manner. A signal circuit indicates when the exhaust gas recirculating valve is under command of the externally generated low power voltage signal.

Abstract: A low oil pressure sensor (32) is provided for direct mounting to a lubrication pump (4) for direct sensing of differential pump pressure. An internal sensor body portion (40) is exposed to the internal pump environment and has a magnetically permeable piston (48) axially slideable therein. High and low pressure aperture ports (56 and 50) through the internal sensor body sidewalls communicate respective high and low pressure sides of the pump to respective axial ends (58 and 54) of the piston. A radial gap (60) between the piston (48) and the interior sidewall (62) of the internal body portion provides a long narrow axial damping passage for damping high pressure pulses and transients from the high pressure side of the pump, to prevent false triggering. A magnetic coil (66) in the body detects piston movement according to changed flux linkage.

Abstract: An air temperature control system for an engine including an intake manifold, an air mixing housing in communication with said intake manifold; the system includes a control unit means, responsive to at least one engine operating parameter and to the temperature of the air delivered to the intake manifold for generating an actuator control signal in accordance with a stored programmed temperature profile; actuator means responsive to the actuator control signal and mechanically linked to the movable air mixing valve for adjusting the air mixing valve in proportion to the actuator control signal; and means for sensing the temperature of the mixed air delivered to the intake manifold.