Abstract: The invention relates to a novel emulsified composition containing (a) major amount of an aqueous phase, (b) a minor amount of an organic phase (c) a thickener and (d) a minor but effective amount of at least one emulsifier to emulsify the aqueous and organic phase resulting in a water in oil emulsifeid composition, in particular emulsified greases and emulsified coatings. Further, the present invention provides a process for making the emulsified composition.

Abstract: An aqueous hydrocarbon fuel is produced by a batch or continuous process. The process employs a reactant emulsion as a starting component with a hydrocarbon fuel, emulsifier and water. The resulting aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion has improved stability.

Abstract: A novel low energy process to produce water in oil emulsions in particular water blended fuels by employing a low molecular weight surfactant with an emulsifier package.

Abstract: An aqueous hydrocarbon fuel is produced by a batch or continuous process. The process employs a reactant emulsion as a starting component with a hydrocarbon fuel, emulsifier and water. The resulting aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion has improved stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel emulsified composition comprising (a) major amount of an aqueous phase, (b) a minor amount of an organic phase and (c) a minor but effective amount of at least one emulsifier to emulsify the aqueous and organic phase resulting in a water in oil emulsified compositions, in particular an emulsified greases and emulsified coatings. Further, the present invention provides a process for making the emulsified compositions.

Abstract: A process to make water-blended fuel by emulsifying the emulsifier in a portion of the fuel, then adding the water under high shear mixing to give a concentrated water fuel emulsion. The concentrated emulsion is then diluted with final portion of fuel using mixing or blending conditions resulting in an emulsified water blend fuel.

Abstract: An aqueous hydrocarbon fuel is produced by a continuous process. Further, the continuous process employs at least two emulsification devices, in series, to produce an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel containing aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of less than 1.0 microns.

Abstract: An aqueous hydrocarbon fuel is produced by a batch or continuous process. The process employs a reactant emulsion as a starting component with a hydrocarbon fuel, emulsifier and water. The resulting aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion has improved stability.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous hydrocarbon fuel is produced by a continuous process. Further, the continuous process employs at least two emulsification devices, in series, to produce an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel containing aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of less than 1.0 microns.

Abstract: This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.

Abstract: A process to make water-blended fuel by emulsifying the emulsifier in a portion of the fuel, then adding the water under high shear mixing to give a concentrated water fuel emulsion. The concentrated emulsion is then diluted with final portion of fuel using mixing or blending conditions resulting in an emulsified water blend fuel.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a condensation product of a glyoxylic reactant and a hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatic compound having at least one hydroxy functionality, which includes (a) providing the glyoxylic reactant in the form of a compound represented by the formula ##STR1## or its reactive equivalent, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 independently are hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 independently are hydrocarbyl groups of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; (b) mixing the aromatic compound with the glyoxylic reactant; and (c) heating the mixture to a temperature of about 50.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. in the presence of an acid catalyst for a sufficient time to form the condensation product.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for reducing the chlorine content of various organochlorine compounds including the step introducing a source of iodine or bromine and mixtures thereof to the organochlorine compound.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for reducing the chlorine content of various organochlorine compounds including the step introducing a source of iodine or bromine and mixtures thereof to the organochlorine compound.

Abstract: The present invention describes treating an organic sulfonic acid with an olefin to obtain an improvement in color of the resultant salts and to lessen the amount of inactive components in the composition.