Abstract: A 3D printed objet de vertu including an embedded secured value indication.

Abstract: A method for authenticating proprietary 3D printing products comprising assigning an ID to each item printed and incorporating said ID as a component in the printing operation. ID labelling may be readable by or into a smartphone or like portable device programmed to report a reading event to a registry at which an event chain for that product is maintained.

Abstract: A method for product authentication, comprising applying to the genuine products code on a label, the code being generated by an algorithm, which code is unique to a small sub-set of articles, preferably for a single such article, so that it can be assumed that any product on the market which either does not have a label or has a wrong label, or for which the label is otherwise accounted for, is counterfeit, the label being machine readable, such as a writeable RFID tag characterised in that the label comprises a machine-readable microcircuit to which a code can be written, and from which the written code can be read remotely.

Abstract: A system for authenticating re-presentable items, such as currency notes and passports, comprises applying to each item a unique code, reading the code on presentation, and checking the code against a database, characterised in that at each check, the code is altered.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for friction twisting of yarns wherein yarn is caused to travel across the travelling friction surfaces at an angle substantially equal to the desired twist angle so that effects of variations of the friction characteristics and inconsistencies in the twisted yarns are substantially reduced.