Abstract: Apparatus and method of exposing a chemical, biological or biochemical sample to radiation. A sample in liquid or vapour phase is segmented and conveyed along a sample path. At least one generator or source for generating electromagnetic radiation is directed at the sample and at least one of reflected, emitted and transmitted radiation is measured at at least one point along the sample path. In one embodiment, the sample is a luminescent culture produced by a continuous culture system.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a method for scanning an image on a film and generating a video signal therefrom. The apparatus having a signal processor (10) receiving a plurality of input raster lines representing a film image, and a control unit (11) having controls (14) operating on said signal processor, whereby the number of the input raster lines used by the signal processor in the active raster to generate said output signal is variable. A signal representing a sequentially scanned image is supplied to filter (12) which performs an anti-aliasing and a decimation process. The amount of oversampling can be varied depending on various factors, such as film speed, and degree of anti-aliasing and aperture correction so as to optimize performance and, in CRT-based systems so as to maintain the size of the raster on the face of the CRT above a predetermined minimum.