Abstract: A network system includes a network bus structured to power plural network loads. A generator is structured to provide forward power flow to the network bus. A generator protector relay cooperates with the generator. Plural network protectors correspond to plural power source feeders, which are structured to provide forward power flow through corresponding network protectors to the network bus. Each network protector includes a network protector relay having an interface communicating power flow information to a communication network. A controller cooperates with the generator protector relay and includes an interface receiving the power flow information from the communication network and a processor determining whether there is forward power flow through the network protectors to the network bus. The processor enables the generator protector relay responsive to the forward power flow and reduces output from the generator responsive to the forward power flow being less than a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A soft-load power distribution system includes a transfer switch having a first input to a utility power source with a utility alternating current (AC) voltage, a second input to a generator power source with a generator AC voltage, and an output to a load. A first switch is electrically connected between the first input and the output and a second switch is electrically connected between the second input and the output. The transfer switch has a third input, such as a go to emergency input, controlling the first and second switches. A bypass switch is electrically connected between the second input and the output. First and second sensors, such as potential transformers, sense the utility and generator AC voltages, respectively. A controller closes the bypass switch when the utility AC voltage is within a predetermined range of the generator AC voltage, and includes an output controlling the third input.

Abstract: The difference in voltages measured upstream and downstream of a pressure junction in a power distribution system produced by the energizing power is divided by the measured current to calculate a value that is a function of the impedance of the pressure junction, which is monitored for deterioration. To eliminate noise resulting from dividing a small number by a large number and transients in the power distribution system, the impedance is calculated from the squares of the voltage differences and currents for a large number of samples, and the change between successive calculations is limited to produce a stable median value.