Abstract: A heating element including: (I) a substrate equipped with a thin-film multilayer, the thin-film multilayer including a heating film that has an electrical sheet resistance lying between 20 and 200 ohms per square, and two nonmetallic dielectric films located on either side of the heating film; and (II) two conductive collectors designed to receive a voltage, where the heating film is unpatterned, made of metal, and electrically connected to the two conductive collectors.

Abstract: A transparent panel is described. The transparent panel has at least one transparent substrate and at least one electrically conductive coating on at least one surface of the transparent substrate. The electrically conductive coating has at least two functional layers which are arranged one above the other, and each functional layer has at least an optically highly refractive material layer, which has a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1, and a smoothing layer, which is above the optically highly refractive material layer. The smoothing layer contains at least one non-crystalline oxide, a first matching layer, which is above the smoothing layer, an electrically conductive layer, which is above the first matching layer, and a second matching layer, which is above the electrically conductive layers. The total thickness of all the electrically conductive layers is between 40 nm and 75 nm, and the electrically conductive coating has a low ohm/square sheet resistance.

Abstract: A transparent panel is described. The transparent panel has at least one transparent substrate and at least one electrically conductive coating on at least one surface of the transparent substrate. The electrically conductive coating has at least two functional layers which are arranged one above the other, and each functional layer has at least an optically highly refractive material layer, which has a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1, and a smoothing layer, which is above the optically highly refractive material layer. The smoothing layer contains at least one non-crystalline oxide, a first matching layer, which is above the smoothing layer, an electrically conductive layer, which is above the first matching layer, and a second matching layer, which is above the electrically conductive layers. The total thickness of all the electrically conductive layers is between 40 nm and 75 nm, and the electrically conductive coating has a low ohm/square sheet resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating element comprising a substrate (1) equipped with a thin-film multilayer, the thin-film multilayer comprising a heating film (3) that has an electrical sheet resistance lying between 20 and 200 ?/?, and two nonmetallic dielectric films (4, 5) located on either side of the heating film (3), the heating element also comprising two conductive collectors designed to receive a voltage, the heating film (3) being unpatterned, made of metal and electrically connected to the two conductive collectors. The invention allows a heating element comprising a heating film, which film is simple to manufacture, to be easily installed in an electric vehicle or to be easily connected to the mains.