Abstract: A proportion predicting system for realizing a predetermined target by mixing a predetermined number of elements at a predetermined proportion. The system includes a target characteristic extractor for extracting a characteristic of the predetermined target; an evaluating means operable upon receipt of proportion vectors, which are represented by the characteristic of the predetermined target and the quantity of each of the elements, respectively, to determine fitnesses of the proportion vectors based on the extracted characteristic of the predetermined target; and a GA processor for predicting the proportion vectors on the basis of the fitnesses according to a genetic algorithm in which the quantity of each of the elements and each of the proportion vectors are represented by a gene and a chromosome, respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus for positioning a stage. A drive system moves the stage over a first range of motion in at least one direction. An actuator is coupled to the stage to produce a linear force to move the stage over a second range of motion. The second range of motion is less than the first range of motion. A sensor measures the stage position, and a controller controls the stage drive system and actuator.

Abstract: A manipulator is disclosed which includes first and second interconnected limb sections, the second section of which is elongated and flexible in at least one direction normal to the longitudinal axis. The first limb section is connected to a base, and the second limb section is connected to an end effector. Relative to a reference frame with origin at the first limb section, the stiffness matrix of the second limb section is variable, and is under motor control. In one embodiment, the second limb section is inflexible in a direction orthogonal to the one direction and the longitudinal axis, and is supported by the first limb section for rotation about the longitudinal axis. In another embodiment, the second limb section is flexible in all directions normal to the longitudinal axis, and a plurality of adjustable-tension stays attached to the second limb section adjacent opposite ends thereof are used to control the stiffness matrix thereof. Methods of damping vibration of the flexible beam are shown.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for starting a cold internal combustion engine under optimum conditions. Engine r.p.m. is maintained to a desired value until either the car is started, driven, or the temperature of the engine reaches a predetermined value, whichever first occurs. During this time, the ratio between the air and fuel fed to the engine is kept at the optimum values corresponding to the prevailing engine conditions during this time.