Abstract: An envelope opening apparatus is provided which conveys envelopes with envelope flap fold lines parallel to the direction of conveyance toward distortion means and restraining means in the path of conveyance which distortion means partially opens the envelope, and which envelope is further conveyed to a device which completes the opening of the envelope in preparation for inserting material into the envelope.

Abstract: An apparatus for assembling a plurality of items of insert material into a stack of insert materials prior to insertion of the stack of materials into an envelope. Feed devices are provided to feed each item of insert material to a conveyor at positions along the conveyor. Pushers are provided on the conveyor for engaging an item of insert material which is held in holder to deposit the item on top of items already on the conveyor.

Abstract: An apparatus for inserting material into an envelope in which a first conveyor supplies insert material and a second conveyor supplies envelopes to an insert station. The flap of the envelope is opened while being carried by the second conveyor to the insert station. The insert station includes a kicker or pusher to move the insert material into the envelope. A first radiation type detector is provided to detect buckling of the envelope or insert material during insertions. A second radiation type detector is provided to detect failure of the pusher to complete an insertion operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for inserting material into an envelope in which a first conveyor supplies insert material and a second conveyor supplies envelopes to an insert station. The flap of the envelope is opened while being carried by the second conveyor to the insert station. The insert station includes a kicker or pusher to move the insert material into the envelope. The second conveyor removes the envelope containing inserted material from the insert station and carries it to a flap moistener, a flap closer, and finally to a receptacle or chute.